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El-Gadarif

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

El-Gadarif is a busy capital city in the Al Qadarif state of Sudan. It sits on a major road that connects the capital of Khartoum to the Ethiopian border. You might notice hills surrounding the city on three sides. Small, dry valley creeks called khors also run through the area. The largest of these is named Khor Maqadim. It flows from the southeast to the northwest of the city. During the fall, this creek can overflow when heavy rains fall near the Ethiopian border.

The weather in El-Gadarif changes with the seasons. The climate is hot and has a distinct wet and dry time. From March to May, the heat is very strong. The rainy season, known locally as Kharief, lasts for four months from June to September. During this time, the land turns into green meadows with acacia trees. Large pools of water appear on the ground. The arrival of pink flamingo birds also signals that the rains have come.

This city has a very interesting history and a unique name. Some say the name comes from an Arabic phrase meaning "He who has finished selling or buying should leave." This refers to an old market called Suq Abu Sinn. In the past, a herald would call out to the traders when it was time to close. Another idea is that the name comes from hills that look like cartilage. Explorers like James Bruce passed through in 1772. Later, Samuel Baker visited in 1862 and wrote about the busy markets.

El-Gadarif is a vital place for food in the region. It is often called the "breadbasket" of Sudan. This is because the soil is very fertile and the rains are helpful. Farmers grow huge amounts of sorghum, sesame seeds, peanuts, and cotton. There is even a large grain silo built by the Russians to store sorghum. Much of the country's mechanized farming happens here. The city is a major trade center for these crops.

Many different kinds of people live together in this city. It is a mix of many Sudanese tribes like the Shukriya and the Nuba. People have moved there from many places to work in the big farms. You can find people with roots in Nigeria, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. Even groups from Greece, Italy, and India have become part of the community. This makes the city a colorful mosaic of many cultures.

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