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Eid al-Fitr

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Eid al-Fitr is a major Islamic festival celebrated by Muslims worldwide.

It marks the conclusion of Ramadan, the tenth month of the Islamic calendar. During Ramadan, Muslims observe sawm, which is fasting from dawn until dusk. Eid al-Fitr begins on the first day of the month of Shawwal. The festival serves as a time of joy and social connection. It is one of two primary celebrations in Islam. The other major festival is known as Eid al-Adha. Because food is a central theme, it is often called the "Sugar Feast" or "Sweet Eid."

The timing of the holiday depends on the lunar calendar.

Colorful plastic ramadan lanterns
Colorful plastic ramadan lanterns

The celebration begins at sunset on the night the first crescent moon is sighted. In some countries, such as Bangladesh, this night is called Chand Raat. If clouds prevent the sighting of the moon, the holiday begins the following day. Depending on the country, the festivities may last for one to three days. This lunar observation ensures the holiday follows the natural cycles of the moon. It creates a shared sense of anticipation across the global community.

Before the communal prayer begins, Muslims perform a specific act of charity. This is known as Zakat al-Fitr. It is an obligatory payment of money to help the poor and needy.

Eid al-Fitr In Bangladesh
Eid al-Fitr In Bangladesh

Performing this charity ensures that everyone can participate in the festivities. The main event of the morning is the Eid prayer. This prayer is performed in a congregation, often in a large hall or an open field. There is no formal call to prayer for this specific service. Instead, the prayer consists of two rak'ah, which are units of prayer. After the prayer, an Imam delivers a khutbah, or sermon. The sermon provides instructions on Eid rituals and encourages seeking forgiveness.

Different branches of Islam follow specific procedures during the prayer.

Eid al-Fitr Namaz
Eid al-Fitr Namaz

In Sunni Islam, the prayer includes the recitation of takbir. This involves raising the hands to the ears while saying "Allāhu ʾAkbar," meaning "God is the greatest." The number of takbirs varies by school. In the Hanafi school, there are three takbirs at the start and three before the ruku in the second rak'ah. Other Sunni schools may use twelve takbirs in total. In Shia Islam, the procedure involves six takbirs in the first rak'ah. This includes a special qunut prayer during the first rak'ah. These specific ritual steps help maintain the traditions of each branch.

Muslim tradition traces the origins of the festival to the Prophet Muhammad.

Eid al-Fitr Ottoman Greeting card
Eid al-Fitr Ottoman Greeting card

According to a hadith, these festivals were established in Medina. This occurred after Muhammad migrated from Mecca. A companion named Anas ibn Malik narrated that Muhammad found people in Medina celebrating two specific days. Muhammad then stated that God had fixed two mandatory days of festivity. These were identified as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. This historical account establishes the festival as a divinely appointed time for recreation and gratitude.

Cultural customs vary significantly across different regions of the world.

Sultan Ahmed Mosque mahya3
Sultan Ahmed Mosque mahya3

In Turkey, the holiday is often called Bayram. People wear new clothes and visit cemeteries to pay respect to the deceased. Children in Turkey may go door to door to collect candy, chocolates, or money. In the Arabian Peninsula, men often wear a white robe called a thawb. Women may wear an abaya and apply henna to their hands or feet. In Saudi Arabia, families often gather at the patriarchal home for large meals. In Jordan, people sometimes decorate their homes with fanous, or Eid lanterns.

Colorful plastic ramadan lanterns
Colorful plastic ramadan lanterns

Despite these regional differences, the core values of Eid al-Fitr remain consistent.

An Afghan child eats a piece of candy received as a gift during a celebration of the Islamic religious holiday of Eid al-Fitr in the Garmsir district of Helmand province, Afghanistan, Aug 110831-M-ED643-011
An Afghan child eats a piece of candy received as a gift during a celebration of the Islamic religious holiday of Eid al-Fitr in the Garmsir district of Helmand province, Afghanistan, Aug 110831-M-ED643-011

The festival emphasizes generosity, hospitality, and social connection. It is a time to strengthen family ties and community bonds. Many countries recognize the day as an official public holiday. This allows schools and businesses to close so people can celebrate together. Whether through sharing sweets or performing charity, the holiday focuses on community well-being.

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🖼️ Images & Media (25)
File:Azeri carpet (Sirvan group).jpg
Azeri carpet (Sirvan group).jpg
File:Countries where Eid al-Fitr is an Official Public Holiday.jpeg
Countries where Eid al-Fitr is an...
File:Sultan Ahmed Mosque mahya3.jpg
Sultan Ahmed Mosque mahya3.jpg
File:Eid al-Fitr Ottoman Greeting card.jpg
Eid al-Fitr Ottoman Greeting card.jpg
File:فرحة العيد (edited).jpg
فرحة العيد (edited).jpg
File:Salat Eid al-Fitr in Qom (1394042712061282).jpg
Salat Eid al-Fitr in Qom (1394042712061282).jpg
File:Yawo women on Eid.jpg
Yawo women on Eid.jpg
File:Eid ul Fitr 2024 prayers at Blackstar square (32).jpg
Eid ul Fitr 2024 prayers at Blackstar...
File:Colorful plastic ramadan lanterns.jpg
Colorful plastic ramadan lanterns.jpg
File:Eid celebration 2014 in Durban.jpg
Eid celebration 2014 in Durban.jpg
File:Eid in Morocco.JPG
Eid in Morocco.JPG
File:EIDUL FITRI IN BAIDOA Eidul Fitr in -1-9.jpg (14587452130).jpg
EIDUL FITRI IN BAIDOA Eidul Fitr in...

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