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Edmonia Lewis

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Edmonia Lewis was a pioneering American sculptor of mixed African-American and Mississauga Ojibwe heritage.

Edmonia Lewis Historical Marker
Edmonia Lewis Historical Marker

She achieved significant national and international prominence during the 19th century. Lewis was the first sculptor of African-American and Native American descent to reach this level of fame. Her artistic work is specifically noted for blending Neoclassical styles with themes involving Black and Indigenous peoples. In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante included her on his list of the 100 Greatest African Americans. Her career represents a vital link between classical European art forms and American social history.

Sculpting is a technical process that requires immense skill and specialized tools. Lewis began her training by using clay to copy fragments of existing sculptures.

Edmonia Lewis, hands of Gerrit Smith and his wife Ann Carroll Fitzhugh
Edmonia Lewis, hands of Gerrit Smith and his wife Ann Carroll Fitzhugh

This method allowed her to practice forms before moving to harder materials. She eventually crafted her own sculpting tools to work with stone. One of her earliest successful sales was a small sculpture of a woman's hand for $8. As her skill grew, she mastered the creation of marble busts, which are sculptures of a person's head and shoulders. She also used plaster to create multiple reproductions of her most popular works.

Lewis's career can be divided into her early years in the United States and her professional life in Europe. In Boston, she worked under the instructor Edward Augustus Brackett. He was a sculptor who specialized in marble portrait busts for famous abolitionists. After establishing herself in Boston, Lewis moved to Rome, Italy, in 1866.

Edmonia Lewis - Bust of Dr Dio Lewis - Walters 27605
Edmonia Lewis - Bust of Dr Dio Lewis - Walters 27605

In Rome, she adopted the Neoclassical style, which often features smooth, idealized marble figures. This period in Italy provided her with greater social and artistic freedom than she found in America.

Her early life was marked by both cultural richness and significant personal loss. Born near Albany, New York, her mother, Catherine Mike Lewis, was a skilled weaver of Mississauga Ojibwe descent. Lewis's father is described in different sources as either Samuel Lewis or the writer Robert Benjamin Lewis. Both of her parents passed away before she reached the age of ten. During her youth near Niagara Falls, she used the Native American name "Wildfire." She and her brother, Samuel, sold Ojibwe baskets and embroidered blouses to tourists visiting the area.

Lewis's education was interrupted by intense social challenges and legal difficulties. She attended New York Central College and later the Oberlin Academy Preparatory School in Ohio. At Oberlin, she was one of only 30 students of color in a population of 1,000. During her time there, she faced daily racism and discrimination. She was also involved in a controversial incident involving two classmates that led to a trial. Although a lawyer named John Mercer Langston successfully had the charges dismissed, the event resulted in her isolation. She was eventually unable to graduate from the college.

Success in the American art market allowed Lewis to fund her international travels. Her most famous early success was a bust of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, a Union commander.

Forever Free by Edmonia Lewis (1867)
Forever Free by Edmonia Lewis (1867)

She produced one hundred plaster-cast reproductions of this bust. She sold these copies for 15 dollars each. The income from these sales provided the necessary funds for her move to Italy. This move was a major turning point that allowed her to work in the former studio of the famous sculptor Antonio Canova.

Lewis's subject matter often connected her art to the political movements of her time. She was deeply inspired by abolitionists and the struggle for human rights. She created portraits of figures like John Brown and William Lloyd Garrison.

Hiawatha MET DP371840
Hiawatha MET DP371840

Additionally, she drew inspiration from the poem "The Song of Hiawatha" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. This led her to create famous marble sculptures of Indigenous characters, such as Minnehaha.

Edmonia lewis minnehaha
Edmonia lewis minnehaha

Through these works, she used the medium of sculpture to honor the identities of her ancestors.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Hiawatha MET DP371840.jpg
Hiawatha MET DP371840.jpg
File:Edmonia Lewis Historical Marker.jpg
Edmonia Lewis Historical Marker.jpg
File:Edmonia lewis minnehaha.jpg
Edmonia lewis minnehaha.jpg
File:Edmonia Lewis - Bust of Dr Dio Lewis - Walters 27605.jpg
Edmonia Lewis - Bust of Dr Dio Lewis -...
File:Edmonia Lewis, hands of Gerrit Smith and his wife Ann Carroll Fitzhugh.jpg
Edmonia Lewis, hands of Gerrit Smith and...
File:Edmonia Lewis grave.jpg
Edmonia Lewis grave.jpg
File:Edmonia Lewis grave restored 2.jpg
Edmonia Lewis grave restored 2.jpg
File:Forever Free by Edmonia Lewis (1867).png
Forever Free by Edmonia Lewis (1867).png
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