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Augustus Saint-Gaudens

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Augustus Saint-Gaudens was a premier American sculptor of the Beaux-Arts generation.

Kenyon Cox - Portrait of Augustus Saint-Gaudens
Kenyon Cox - Portrait of Augustus Saint-Gaudens

He embodied the ideals of the American Renaissance, a period of grand artistic achievement. Born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1848, he was raised in New York City. His work helped define how the United States commemorated its history through public monuments. He was a master of bronze and stone, creating pieces that ranged from small medals to massive statues. His influence extended through his teaching and his role in founding artistic communities.

Saint-Gaudens followed a rigorous path to master his craft. He began as an apprentice to a cameo-cutter, a person who carves small, detailed images. He also took evening art classes at the Cooper Union in New York City. After completing his apprenticeships, he traveled to Paris in 1867 to study at the École des Beaux-Arts. He later moved to Rome to study art and architecture. In Rome, he met Augusta Fisher Homer, a deaf American art student. They married in 1877 and had a son named Homer.

The process of creating his large-scale works was complex and required precision. For his equestrian monuments, such as the one for General William Tecumseh Sherman, he used a pointing device. This tool allowed for the accurate mechanical enlargement of sculpture models. This meant he could take a small model and turn it into a massive statue. He often worked with many assistants to manage these large projects. Some of his most famous works required immense dedication. He labored on the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial for 14 years.

St GaudensShaw Mem
St GaudensShaw Mem

Saint-Gaudens produced several distinct types of sculpture. He was famous for his Civil War commemorative commissions. These included the colossal Abraham Lincoln: The Man in Chicago, which is considered a fine portrait statue.

Lincoln Lincoln Park
Lincoln Lincoln Park

He also created grand equestrian monuments, which are statues of generals on horses. Another type of work was his classical sculpture, such as the bronze Diana. This statue once stood atop a 300-foot tower in Manhattan. He also specialized in intimate private portrait panels in very low relief. These were small, shallow carvings inspired by the Florentine Renaissance.

His reputation was cemented by major international successes. His masterpiece, Amor Caritas, won the Grand Prize at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900.

This work was a vision of an ethereal female figure. Because it was so popular, about 20 smaller versions were produced and sold through retailers like Tiffany & Co. He also achieved great success in numismatics, which is the study or making of coins. President Theodore Roosevelt chose him to redesign American coinage. Saint-Gaudens designed the $20 gold double eagle, often called one of the most beautiful American coins.

NNC-US-1907-G$20-Saint Gaudens (Roman, ultra high relief, wire edge)
NNC-US-1907-G$20-Saint Gaudens (Roman, ultra high relief, wire edge)

The $20 double eagle was created with an ultra high relief. This means the design stands out very far from the flat surface of the coin. In 1907, the US Mint produced about 20 of these ultra high relief coins. They required up to 11 strikes to bring out the fine details. However, these specific coins did not stack properly. Because they were unfit for daily commerce, they are now highly sought-after collectors' items. He also designed the $10 "Indian Head" gold eagle, which was minted from 1907 until 1933.

Beyond his own art, Saint-Gaudens shaped the future of American art. He was a sensitive teacher who tutored young artists privately and taught at the Art Students League of New York. He trained many notable sculptors, including James Earle Fraser and Elsie Ward. In his later years, he founded the Cornish Colony in New Hampshire. This was an artist's colony that brought together painters, sculptors, writers, and architects. He also served on the McMillan Commission to help realize the master plan for Washington, D.C. His legacy lives on in the many monuments and students he left behind.

GAUDENS R
GAUDENS R
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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:'Portrait of a Boy', oil on canvas painting by John Singer Sargent, 1890.jpg
'Portrait of a Boy', oil on canvas...
File:Adams Memorial by Augustus Saint-Gaudens.jpg
Adams Memorial by Augustus Saint-Gaudens.jpg
File:Diana by Augustus Saint-Gaudens 01.jpg
Diana by Augustus Saint-Gaudens 01.jpg
File:Amor Caritas by Augustus Saint-Gaudens.jpg
Amor Caritas by Augustus Saint-Gaudens.jpg
File:Lincoln Lincoln Park.jpg
Lincoln Lincoln Park.jpg
File:Robert Gould Shaw Memorial (36053).jpg
Robert Gould Shaw Memorial (36053).jpg
File:Memorial to Charles Parnell.jpg
Memorial to Charles Parnell.jpg
File:Kenyon Cox - Portrait of Augustus Saint-Gaudens.jpg
Kenyon Cox - Portrait of Augustus...
File:NNC-US-1907-G$20-Saint Gaudens (Roman, ultra high relief, wire edge).jpg
NNC-US-1907-G$20-Saint Gaudens (Roman,...
File:GAUDENS R.jpg
GAUDENS R.jpg
File:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 1940 Issue-3c.jpg
Augustus Saint-Gaudens 1940 Issue-3c.jpg
File:Farragut Mad Sq jeh.JPG
Farragut Mad Sq jeh.JPG

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