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Eating

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Eating is the way living things take in food to survive. This process is called ingestion. It provides energy and nutrients that help living things grow. Different living things have different ways of eating. Carnivores eat other animals for food. Herbivores eat only plants. Omnivores eat a mixture of both plants and animals. Detritivores eat dead matter called detritus. Fungi are unique because they digest organic matter outside their bodies. Animals are different because they digest food inside their bodies.

German Shepherd puppy eating out of a human hand
German Shepherd puppy eating out of a human hand

Our bodies use many signals to tell us when to eat or stop. Hunger can start from environmental signals like the smell or sight of food. Inside the body, a hormone called ghrelin tells the brain that it is time to eat. The brain and the liver also watch fuel levels in the body. When glucose or lipid levels drop, the body feels hungry. To stop eating, the body uses satiety signals to show we are full. The hormone cholecystokinin helps control how fast the stomach empties. Another hormone, leptin, comes from fat tissue to suppress appetite over the long term.

Amandines de Provence, poster by Leonetto Cappiello, 1900
Amandines de Provence, poster by Leonetto Cappiello, 1900

Humans have many different ways of eating throughout their lives. Newborn babies do not eat adult foods at all. They survive only on breast milk or infant formula. Most infants do not eat adult food until they are six to eight months old. They start with pureed food because their digestive systems are still immature. By 18 months, most babies have enough teeth to eat the same foods as adults. Learning to eat can be a messy process for young children. Most children do not master neatness or eating etiquette until they are five or six years old.

People also have different customs for how they sit while they eat. In many Middle Eastern countries, it is common to sit on the floor. Some people believe this is healthier than sitting at a table. The Ancient Greeks used to eat while reclining during celebrations called symposia. The Ancient Romans also adopted this reclining position. Even the Ancient Hebrews used this posture during Passover celebrations. Today, many people eat three meals a day in homes or restaurants. In some places, Muslim adults may fast during the daylight hours of Ramadan.

Eating is a very important part of how we live and connect with others. Many people go to picnics, potlucks, or food festivals to eat together. These are social gatherings where food is the main purpose. Doctors in the UK suggest eating three well-balanced meals every day. A healthy plate might have half vegetables, one quarter protein, and one quarter carbohydrates. Sometimes, people eat because of emotions or stress. This is called emotional eating. It is important to listen to the body to stay healthy and strong.

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File:Amandines de Provence, poster by Leonetto Cappiello, 1900.jpg
Amandines de Provence, poster by Leonetto...
File:German Shepherd puppy eating out of a human hand.jpg
German Shepherd puppy eating out of a...
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