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Driver's license

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A driver's license, also known as a driving permit, is a legal authorization document. It confirms that a specific person is allowed to operate motorized vehicles on public roads. These vehicles can include cars, motorcycles, trucks, or buses. Most modern licenses are small plastic cards. They are usually the size of a credit card, which is known as the ID-1 size. Because they contain personal information, many people also use them as identity cards to prove who they are.

Florida Driver License
Florida Driver License

The process for obtaining a license varies by jurisdiction, or local legal area. In some places, a person must pass a driving test before receiving their permit. In other regions, a person first acquires a learner's permit to practice driving. Licenses are often divided into different categories. These categories separate drivers based on the type of vehicle they can operate. For example, driving a large passenger bus requires different qualifications than driving a small car.

Fahrerlaubnisklassen
Fahrerlaubnisklassen

Factors like age and required competence also change depending on where you live.

The history of driving permits began in the late 19th century. The world's first permit was issued to Karl Benz in 1888. Benz was the inventor of the modern car. He received a written "Genehmigung," which is German for permit, from local authorities. This happened after residents complained about the noise and smell of his Motorwagen. By the early 1900s, governments began making licenses mandatory. Prussia introduced compulsory licensing in 1903. The United Kingdom made licensing mandatory on January 1, 1904, under the Motor Car Act 1903.

Karl Benz Führerschein
Karl Benz Führerschein

As more cars appeared, nations developed formal testing systems. In 1910, the German imperial government mandated licensing on a national scale. This established specific tests and driver education requirements. In North America, licensing laws began appearing due to rising traffic fatalities. New York implemented its first licensing law on August 1, 1910. Initially, this law only applied to professional chauffeurs. Later, in July 1913, New Jersey became the first U.S. state to require all drivers to pass a mandatory examination.

Restricted license age requirements by US State
Restricted license age requirements by US State

International agreements have helped standardize how these documents look and work. In 1949, the United Nations hosted the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic. This meeting helped set rules for road signs, occupants, and permits. The convention specified that national driving permits should be pink. It also stated that an International Driving Permit should have grey covers and white pages. The last page of that permit must be written in French. The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic later modernized these rules in 1968.

UN Geneva convention driver permit color
UN Geneva convention driver permit color

Today, the use of licenses serves many different societal functions. In many countries, such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, there are no national identity cards. Therefore, the driver's license acts as a primary form of government-issued identification. In North America, some regions offer an "enhanced driver's license" or EDL. These cards contain an embedded RFID chip. An EDL can be used to cross land or sea borders between the U.S. and Canada. This is an alternative to using a passport for those specific crossings.

UKdrivinglicencefull dec2021
UKdrivinglicencefull dec2021

Global standards continue to evolve through organizations like the ISO. In 2018, a new standard called ISO/IEC 18013 was published. This standard provides guidelines for the design and data content of a driving license. The goal is to create a secure domestic driving permit that works well for international use. This includes a specific layout for a booklet that carries the card. The booklet's front cover must include a logo from the UN or the issuing country. It must also include the words "Translation of Driving Licence" and "Traduction du Permis de Conduire." This ensures that the document is understood across different languages and borders.

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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Karl Benz Führerschein.jpg
Karl Benz Führerschein.jpg
File:UN Geneva convention driver permit color.png
UN Geneva convention driver permit color.png
File:James Webb lunar drivers license.jpg
James Webb lunar drivers license.jpg
File:Fahrerlaubnisklassen.png
Fahrerlaubnisklassen.png
File:SIM_Indonesia_Sample.jpg
SIM_Indonesia_Sample.jpg
File:Back_Side_of_the_Indonesian_Driving_License.jpg
Back_Side_of_the_Indonesian_Driving_License.jpg
File:Iclicense.jpg
Iclicense.jpg
File:Norway driving licence front (2022).png
Norway driving licence front (2022).png
File:Driving licence Poland 2013 recto.png
Driving licence Poland 2013 recto.png
File:Driving license Macedonia front.JPG
Driving license Macedonia front.JPG
File:Водительское удостоверение РФ (образца 2014 года). Стороны А и Б..jpg
Водительское удостоверение РФ (образца...
File:Ukrainian driving license issued since 2021.png
Ukrainian driving license issued since 2021.png

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