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Dot matrix printing

technology Maturity 9-11 Next article →

A dot matrix printer is a special kind of machine used to print words and pictures.

Dot matrix example text
Dot matrix example text

It is known as an impact printer. This means it works by physically striking a surface to leave a mark. Unlike a typewriter that uses fixed letters, these printers use a pattern of small dots. This allows them to print almost any shape or font. They are very useful because they can print on many different types of paper.

Indian railway suburban rail ticket
Indian railway suburban rail ticket

To understand how it works, imagine a tiny hammer hitting a stamp. Inside the print head, there are many small metal rods called pins.

Tally Genicom T2240 print head pins
Tally Genicom T2240 print head pins

These pins are moved by tiny electromagnets called solenoids. When the printer needs to make a dot, the solenoid pushes a pin forward. The pin strikes an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper.

Tally Genicom T2240 print head assembly - cross section
Tally Genicom T2240 print head assembly - cross section

The print head then moves back and forth across the page. This process repeats many times to build up a full line of text.

People have been working on this technology for a long time. In 1925, Rudolf Hell invented a device called the Hellschreiber. This was an early version used for sending messages. Later, between 1952 and 1954, Fritz Karl Preikschat created the PKT printer in Germany. In 1968, the company OKI introduced the Wiredot, which was a serial impact dot matrix printer.

Epson MX-80
Epson MX-80

This printer was used by schools and scientists. It could print 128 different characters using a small grid of dots.

There are many different models and ways to use these printers. Some printers use 9 pins, while others use 24 pins.

9 nadel druckkopf-star nl10--hinnerk ruemenapf vs01-p50
9 nadel druckkopf-star nl10--hinnerk ruemenapf vs01-p50

A 24-pin printer can overlap dots to make the text look much smoother. In 1970, Digital Equipment Corporation released the LA30 printer. It could print 30 characters every second. By the mid-1980s, these printers became very popular because they were fast and inexpensive. The Apple ImageWriter was a famous model used by many people at home.

Dot matrix printers are different from the inkjet or laser printers we see today. While they can be quite noisy, they have a very special skill. Because they use physical pressure, they can print on multi-part forms. This allows a person to make several copies of a document at the same time.

Tally 5040 Passbook dot matrix printer
Tally 5040 Passbook dot matrix printer

They can also use continuous paper that is folded like a fan. This makes them great for printing long lists or receipts.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Tally 5040 Passbook dot matrix printer.jpg
Tally 5040 Passbook dot matrix printer.jpg
File:"Delivery", printed in a bold, large font on a dot matrix printer.jpg
"Delivery", printed in a bold, large font...
File:Indian railway suburban rail ticket.jpg
Indian railway suburban rail ticket.jpg
File:Epson MX-80.jpg
Epson MX-80.jpg
File:Dot matrix example text.png
Dot matrix example text.png
File:Printer dot matrix EPSON VP-500.jpg
Printer dot matrix EPSON VP-500.jpg
File:Tally Genicom T2240 print head assembly - cross section.jpg
Tally Genicom T2240 print head assembly -...
File:Epson dot matrix printer.jpg
Epson dot matrix printer.jpg
File:Epson Wide Carriage 9-pin printer - with legal paper 8.5x14.jpg
Epson Wide Carriage 9-pin printer - with...
File:Tally Genicom T2240 print head pins.jpg
Tally Genicom T2240 print head pins.jpg
File:9 nadel druckkopf-star nl10--hinnerk ruemenapf vs01-p50.jpg
9 nadel druckkopf-star nl10--hinnerk...
File:IBM 5103 printer in Tekniska museet (1).jpg
IBM 5103 printer in Tekniska museet (1).jpg

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