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Doppelgänger

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A doppelgänger is a supernatural double of a living person.

39 rackham poe williamwilson
39 rackham poe williamwilson

In mythology and fiction, these doubles often appear as ghosts or paranormal phenomena. Many people perceive the appearance of a doppelgänger as a harbinger of bad luck. In literature, a doppelgänger might manifest as the evil twin of a protagonist. While the term is sometimes replaced by "twin stranger" in modern times, the original concept remains a powerful idea. This phenomenon explores the idea of a second self existing alongside the original person.

The word itself is a loanword from German. It literally means "double-walker." In German, the singular and plural forms are identical. However, English writers usually prefer the plural form, "doppelgängers." In German, the noun is capitalized and uses an umlaut over the "a." In English, the word is generally written with a lower-case letter. Writers also often drop the umlaut, spelling it "doppelganger." The first known use of the term was in the 1796 novel *Siebenkäs* by Jean Paul.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti - How They Met Themselves (1860-64 circa)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti - How They Met Themselves (1860-64 circa)

Human history is filled with various cultural versions of the spirit double. Ancient Egyptian mythology describes the "ka." The ka was a tangible spirit double that shared the same memories and feelings as the person. In Norse mythology, people spoke of a "vardøger." This was a ghostly double seen performing a person's actions in advance. Finnish mythology offers a similar concept called an "etiäinen," which means a "firstcomer."

Student of Prague double
Student of Prague double

These traditions show that the idea of a double has appeared in many different ways across many cultures.

Different religious traditions provide specific details about how these doubles function. In many majority Muslim countries, the concept of a "karin" or "qarin" exists. The karin is a spirit double that matches the person's sex, race, and temperament. It can be benevolent or harmful. If it is malicious, it may try to persuade a person to follow bad whims. In Jewish mysticism, the *Sefer Yetzirah* and the Hebrew letter "Tet" are used to explain asymmetry in nature. This asymmetry relates to how the world is balanced between different forces.

Several historical figures have claimed to encounter their own doubles. The poet John Donne was said to have seen his wife's doppelgänger in Paris in 1612. This account was recorded in a 1675 biography. The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley also claimed to have met his own doppelgänger.

Percy Bysshe Shelley by Alfred Clint
Percy Bysshe Shelley by Alfred Clint

His wife, Mary Shelley, recorded these claims in a letter written in August 1822. Another notable example involves the writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He described a dream where he saw his own figure approaching him on horseback. For Goethe, this experience was actually quite calming and reassuring.

Some reported sightings involve physical or strange occurrences. In 1845, a French teacher named Émilie Sagée was alleged to have a double. Students reported that the double would mimic her actions. Some students even claimed they could feel a slight resistance when they tried to touch it. In 1893, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon was reportedly seen in his London home. This happened while he was actually on a ship near Syria. Later that same night, his ship, the HMS *Victoria*, collided with another vessel and sank.

Authors frequently use the doppelgänger to explore complex themes in literature. Edgar Allan Poe wrote "William Wilson," a story about a man followed by a double that mirrors him. Fyodor Dostoyevsky used the concept in *The Double* to show a character being exploited by an opposite personality. In Gothic fiction, the motif is very common. Writers use these doubles to represent the duality of human nature or the two sides of a single person. Through these stories, the doppelgänger becomes a tool to examine the human identity.

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File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - How They Met Themselves (1860-64 circa).jpg
Dante Gabriel Rossetti - How They Met...
File:Percy Bysshe Shelley by Alfred Clint.jpg
Percy Bysshe Shelley by Alfred Clint.jpg
File:39 rackham poe williamwilson.jpg
39 rackham poe williamwilson.jpg
File:Student of Prague double.jpg
Student of Prague double.jpg
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