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Doctorate

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A doctorate is a very high academic degree. It is earned at a university after many years of study. The word comes from a Latin term meaning "teacher."

Graduation photo
Graduation photo

This degree shows that a person is an expert. It often allows them to teach at a university level. Some people also use it to work in special jobs. Most people with this degree are called "doctor."

To earn a research doctorate, a student must do a lot of work. They usually focus on a specific subject. They must perform new research to show what they have learned. This research is often written down in a long paper called a thesis.

Claude Bernard's thesis for his doctorate Wellcome M0011459
Claude Bernard's thesis for his doctorate Wellcome M0011459

In some places, people must also publish their work in journals. This helps other experts read and check their findings. This way, the person proves they can create new knowledge.

This tradition started a long time ago in medieval Europe. The first doctoral degrees appeared around the year 1150 in Paris.

Birrete doctoral
Birrete doctoral

At first, the Catholic Church had the power to give these licenses. Applicants had to pass a test and take an oath. In 1213, the pope gave this right to the University of Paris. This made the degree a universal license to teach. Over time, universities became more independent from the Church.

There are many different kinds of doctorates today. The most famous one is the Doctor of Philosophy, or PhD.

Ph.D. gown, Cambridge University
Ph.D. gown, Cambridge University

This name comes from a Greek idea meaning "love of wisdom." In the 17th century, Germany developed this type of degree. Other types include the MD for medicine and the JD for law.

Professors
Professors

In the United States, Yale University awarded the first research PhD in 1861. Many other names exist, like the Doctor of Education or Doctor of Science.

Learning to become a doctor has changed through history. Long ago, it was like an apprenticeship for a job. Students often studied for seven years to become "Masters of Arts."

Un víctor en la Catedral de Sevilla
Un víctor en la Catedral de Sevilla

In the past, these degrees were only for men. The first women began earning them in the 1600s and 1700s. One of the first was Elena Cornaro Piscopia in 1678. Today, doctorates are used all over the world to help people lead in science, history, and many other fields.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Claude Bernard's thesis for his doctorate Wellcome M0011459.jpg
Claude Bernard's thesis for his doctorate...
File:Graduation photo.jpg
Graduation photo.jpg
File:Professors.JPG
Professors.JPG
File:Birrete doctoral.jpg
Birrete doctoral.jpg
File:Un víctor en la Catedral de Sevilla.jpg
Un víctor en la Catedral de Sevilla.jpg
File:Ph.D. gown, Cambridge University.jpg
Ph.D. gown, Cambridge University.jpg
File:Woolsey Hall, Yale University.jpg
Woolsey Hall, Yale University.jpg
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