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Dijon

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Dijon is a major city located in eastern France. It serves as the prefecture for the Côte-d'Or department. The city is also part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. As of 2023, the population reached 161,830 people. This makes it the most populous commune in the entire region.

Dijon - Porte Guilllaume - 1
Dijon - Porte Guilllaume - 1

The city sits on a plain drained by two small rivers. The Suzon river flows mostly underground from north to south. The Ouche river flows on the southern side of the town. Further south, the hillside of vineyards is known as the côte. This geographic feature gives the Côte-d'Or department its name. Dijon is positioned southeast of Paris and northwest of Geneva. It is also located north of Lyon.

Dijon has a long history that began in the Neolithic period. Archaeological finds show people lived here thousands of years ago. Later, the Romans established a settlement called Divio. This name may mean a sacred fountain. Divio was located on the important road between Lyon and Paris. From the early 11th century until the late 15th century, the Dukes of Burgundy ruled here. During this time, Dijon became a center for art, science, and learning. The Duchy of Burgundy played a key role in the transition to early modern Europe.

The city's architecture shows many different historical periods. You can see Capetian, Gothic, and Renaissance styles throughout the streets. Many townhouses in the central district date from the 18th century or earlier. A unique feature is the toits bourguignons, or Burgundian polychrome roofs. These roofs use glazed terracotta tiles in various colors. The tiles are arranged in beautiful geometric patterns.

Dijon - Porte Guilllaume - 1
Dijon - Porte Guilllaume - 1

Many historical events shaped the city's character. In 1513, Swiss and Imperial armies besieged Dijon. The governor, Louis II de la Trémoille, successfully defended the town. The citizens viewed the withdrawal of the invaders as a miracle. Because of this, they began to venerate Notre-Dame de Bon-Espoir. The city has also faced occupations by Prussian and Nazi German forces. Despite these conflicts, many old buildings remain undamaged. The Musée des Beaux-Arts houses a large tapestry depicting the 1513 siege.

Art and culture are very important to Dijon today. The Palais des Ducs et des États de Bourgogne is a major landmark. This Palace of the Dukes now houses the City Hall and a fine arts museum.

Dijon - Musée des Beaux-Arts - Tombeaux des Ducs de Bourgogne - 09
Dijon - Musée des Beaux-Arts - Tombeaux des Ducs de Bourgogne - 09

Inside, you can see the tombs of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria. Visitors also seek out the Puits de Moïse, a famous monumental sculpture. At the Notre Dame church, a stone owl serves as a good-luck charm. People touch the owl with their left hands to make a wish.

Food is another way the city is famous worldwide. Dijon is well known for its specific type of mustard. In 1856, Jean Naigeon changed the traditional recipe. He substituted verjuice for vinegar. Verjuice is the acidic, green juice from unripe grapes.

Maille Dijon Originale
Maille Dijon Originale

The city is also a center for processing food like gingerbread and chocolate. It hosts a large International and Gastronomic Fair every autumn. This fair attracts about 200,000 visitors each year. Every three years, the city also hosts the Florissimo international flower show.

Modern Dijon is a green city with a strong economy. It has an important tertiary sector, which includes services like banking and law. The city is also a hub for the pharmaceutical industry. Transportation is very efficient for travelers. The Dijon-Ville station is a major railway junction. High-speed TGV trains can reach Paris in just one hour and 40 minutes. The Canal de Bourgogne also passes through the city. This waterway connects northern Europe to the Mediterranean via various river systems.

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File:Dijon - Porte Guilllaume - 1.jpg
Dijon - Porte Guilllaume - 1.jpg
File:Dijon - Musée des Beaux-Arts - Tombeaux des Ducs de Bourgogne - 09.jpg
Dijon - Musée des Beaux-Arts - Tombeaux...
File:Maille Dijon Originale.jpg
Maille Dijon Originale.jpg
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