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Burgundy

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Burgundy is a historical region located in France.

Carte de la Bourgogne (Relief)
Carte de la Bourgogne (Relief)

For many years, it served as its own administrative region. However, on January 1, 2016, it merged into a larger area. This new administrative region is called Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The modern Burgundy encompasses the western half of this new territory. It includes the former departments of Côte-d'Or, Saône-et-Loire, Yonne, and Nièvre.

Burgundy province
Burgundy province

The region is famous for its deep history and its role in European politics.

The history of the area begins with the Gallic Celts. The Aedui were a prominent tribe of these people. Later, the Roman Empire incorporated these tribes into its territory. During the 4th century, a Germanic people called the Burgundians arrived. They may have come from the Baltic island of Bornholm. They settled in the western Alps and founded the Kingdom of the Burgundians. This kingdom was eventually conquered by the Franks in the 6th century.

After the Frankish Empire dissolved, the region underwent many changes.

The Treaty of Verdun in 843 divided the old Burgundian lands. The north-western regions were assigned to the West Frankish Kingdom. By the 10th century, these areas became the Duchy of Burgundy. The House of Burgundy ruled this duchy starting in 1004. This family was a cadet branch of the French royal House of Capet. The duchy roughly matched the borders of the later administrative region. Eventually, the male line of the House of Burgundy ended. The duchy then reverted to the French King and the House of Valois.

During the late medieval period, the region reached its peak of power. The Valois-Burgundian State became a major regional power in Europe. This state was a massive composite polity. Its territories stretched from the western Alps all the way to the North Sea. This range of land was similar to the old Middle Frankish realm of Lotharingia. The Dukes of Burgundy were incredibly wealthy and powerful. Some people even called them the "Grand Dukes of the West."

Military flag of the Burgundian state under Duke Charles the Bold
Military flag of the Burgundian state under Duke Charles the Bold

They turned the region into a center of trade and commerce.

The political importance of Burgundy had lasting global effects. In 1477, Duke Charles the Bold was killed at the Battle of Nancy. This event led to the French crown absorbing the Duchy. However, the northern parts of the empire passed to the Habsburgs. This split created a centuries-long rivalry between the French and the Habsburgs. This rivalry shaped European politics long after Burgundy lost its independence.

Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404)
Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404)

The region's influence also spread through its famous courtly culture.

Religious life was another vital part of Burgundian history. The region was home to many important Western monasteries. The Abbey of Cluny, founded in 910, had a strong influence on Europe. In 1098, the first Cistercian abbey was founded at Cîteaux. The influence of Bernard of Clairvaux helped spread hundreds of Cistercian abbeys. Today, the Abbey of Fontenay is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Château de la Clayette vu de la rive du lac
Château de la Clayette vu de la rive du lac

The Abbey of Vézelay is also a UNESCO site and a starting point for pilgrims.

Today, Burgundy is well known for its unique climate and agriculture. The climate is described as oceanic with a continental influence. This environment is perfect for growing grapes. The region is one of France's main wine-producing areas. It is famous for red wines made from Pinot noir grapes. It is also known for white wines made from Chardonnay grapes.

Vineyards in Burgundy France
Vineyards in Burgundy France

The Côte-d'Or area produces the most expensive and prized wines. These wines are in high demand because they are often produced in small quantities.

Beyond wine, the region has a rich culinary and industrial heritage. Burgundy is famous for Dijon mustard and Charolais beef. It is also known for Bresse chicken and époisses cheese. In the past, the southeastern part of the region was very industrial. There were coal mines near Montceau-les-Mines and iron foundries in Le Creusot. While these industries declined in the late 20th century, the culture remains. The local dialect is called Burgundian, which is an Oïl language.

Place du Bareuzai
Place du Bareuzai

It shares similarities with Standard French but has other influences.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Chatillon-sur-Seine - Musée du Pays chatillonnais - Cratère de Vix - 012 (cropped).jpg
Chatillon-sur-Seine - Musée du Pays...
File:Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404).svg
Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404).svg
File:Burgundy province.png
Burgundy province.png
File:Military flag of the Burgundian state under Duke Charles the Bold.jpg
Military flag of the Burgundian state...
File:Carte de la Bourgogne (Relief).svg
Carte de la Bourgogne (Relief).svg
File:Place_du_Bareuzai.jpg
Place_du_Bareuzai.jpg
File:Meursault,Burgundy.jpg
Meursault,Burgundy.jpg
File:Vineyards in Burgundy France.jpg
Vineyards in Burgundy France.jpg
File:Château de la Clayette vu de la rive du lac.jpg
Château de la Clayette vu de la rive du lac.jpg
File:Evaireman de lai peste.png
Evaireman de lai peste.png
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