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Dewey Decimal Classification

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The Dewey Decimal Classification, often called the Dewey Decimal System, is a proprietary library classification system. It organizes books based on their specific discipline and subject matter. This system is vital because it allows libraries to manage vast collections of knowledge. It provides a way to locate any specific volume within a massive building.

HK Wan Chai Library Inside Bookcase a
HK Wan Chai Library Inside Bookcase a

By using numbers, it ensures that books on similar topics are kept together. This helps both librarians and readers navigate through information efficiently.

The system operates through a method known as relative location and relative index. It uses three-digit numbers to represent main classes of knowledge. To allow for much more specific detail, the system uses fractional decimals. This means a librarian can add numbers after a decimal point to narrow a topic. For example, a book on the network protocol IPv6 would be assigned the number 004.62. This places it precisely after general networking books at 004.6. It also keeps it before books about peripherals at 004.7.

1885 Decimal LibraryBureau
1885 Decimal LibraryBureau

This mathematical approach allows the system to expand indefinitely as new subjects are discovered.

Before this system became common, libraries used a method called fixed positioning. In fixed positioning, books were given permanent shelf locations based on their size or acquisition date. This meant the location was tied to when the book arrived, not what it was about. Most library stacks were closed to the public during this era. Patrons could not browse the shelves freely. The Dewey system changed this by focusing on the subject instead of the physical object. This shift supported the rise of open shelf access for all patrons.

Melvil Dewey, an American librarian and reformer, invented the system in the 1870s. He developed these ideas in 1873 while working at the Amherst College library. In 1876, he published the first version as a 44-page pamphlet. This initial edition contained 2,000 index entries and had only 200 copies printed.

Melvil Dewey 1891
Melvil Dewey 1891

Dewey was a founding member of the American Library Association. He also promoted the use of card systems in both libraries and businesses. His goal was to make information more accessible to everyone.

As the system was adopted, it underwent many major revisions and expansions. The second edition, published in 1885, grew to 314 pages with 10,000 index entries. Between 1888 and 1942, several more editions were released to meet growing demand. The system became quite large over time. By the 14th edition in 1942, the index exceeded 1,900 pages and required two volumes. To help smaller libraries, an abridged version was created in 1894. This version follows the full edition but is easier to manage.

Edmonton Librarian teaching students about the Dewey Decimal System (32848929670)
Edmonton Librarian teaching students about the Dewey Decimal System (32848929670)

In 1930, the Library of Congress began printing these numbers on library cards. This made the system even more widely available to libraries everywhere.

The scale of the Dewey Decimal Classification is truly massive. As of 2009, the system was used in 200,000 libraries. These libraries are located in at least 135 different countries. In the United States, a 1927 study showed the system was used in 96% of public libraries. It was also used in 89% of college libraries. This widespread use demonstrates how much the world relies on this specific way of organizing thought. It has become a global standard for managing human knowledge.

Today, the system is maintained by OCLC, a non-profit cooperative. They acquired the trademark and copyrights in 1988 when they bought Forest Press. The system has moved from paper to the digital age. The first electronic version was created in 1993. Now, librarians use WebDewey, which is an online version that is updated every quarter.

HK Wan Chai Library Inside Bookcase a
HK Wan Chai Library Inside Bookcase a

The system remains a vital tool that connects people to information across the entire globe.

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File:HK Wan Chai Library Inside Bookcase a.jpg
HK Wan Chai Library Inside Bookcase a.jpg
File:Melvil Dewey 1891.jpg
Melvil Dewey 1891.jpg
File:1885 Decimal LibraryBureau.png
1885 Decimal LibraryBureau.png
File:Edmonton Librarian teaching students about the Dewey Decimal System (32848929670).jpg
Edmonton Librarian teaching students...
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