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Curtain

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A curtain is a piece of cloth or other material designed to block or obscure light, air drafts, or water.

Gordijnen aan venster
Gordijnen aan venster

In a home, curtains hung over windows are often called draperies. When they are hung over a doorway, they are known as portières. These textiles serve many purposes, from providing privacy to helping people sleep by blocking light. They also act as window decor, helping to control the ambiance and the flow of natural light into a room. Beyond the home, theater drapes and stage curtains serve important functions. They can separate the stage from the auditorium or act as backdrops. These heavy fabrics also help by absorbing sound and obscuring offstage areas.

Theatre Stage Albert Hall looking stage left showing theatre curtains (2016)
Theatre Stage Albert Hall looking stage left showing theatre curtains (2016)

Manufacturers create curtains using various methods to control light and heat. Sheer or net curtains are made from translucent fabrics like polyester voile, silk, or cotton lace.

Window with transluscent curtains
Window with transluscent curtains

These allow most light to pass through while providing basic ultraviolet protection. Uncoated fabrics are the most common type and use a tight weave, often a cotton or polyester blend. While they provide reasonable heat insulation, they are often too thin to block strong light completely. To achieve better results, makers use coated fabrics. A liquefied rubber polymer is applied to the back of an uncoated fabric. A heated roller then fuses the polymer dry, similar to how a laser printer applies toner.

Ikkuna
Ikkuna

This coating process determines how much light a curtain can absorb. A fabric that receives one coating is called a "1-pass-coated" fabric. These are often called "dim-out" curtains because they can absorb 50% to 70% of a direct light source. If the process is repeated, it is called "3-pass-coated" fabric. These are known as "blackout-coated" curtains because they can block 100% of a direct light source. For the highest level of insulation, people use lined curtains. A lined curtain consists of an uncoated fabric at the front for appearance and a separate coated fabric, called a lining, at the rear. This combination provides maximum light absorption and heat insulation.

Curtains have a long and diverse history across many cultures. Evidence from excavation sites in Olynthus, Pompeii, and Herculaneum shows that portières were used as room dividers in classic antiquity. Mosaics dating from the 2nd to the 6th century even depict curtains suspended from rods spanning arches. In England, curtains began to replace wooden shutters toward the end of the 16th century. Before this, medieval English window treatments consisted of leather panels on iron rods, which were later replaced by woven wool. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the English imported ornate Italian Renaissance fabrics. These included materials like brocade, velvet, and damask, sometimes decorated with jeweled embroidery.

In the Fatimid Caliphate, curtains held significant ceremonial importance. A specific type of curtain, known as a stir or "veil," was used to conceal the caliph during an audience session called a majlis. A servant known as the ṣāḥib al-sitr would pull the veil back to reveal the caliph on his throne. This official held many responsibilities, including serving as the chamberlain and the bearer of the caliph's sword. This role was often filled by mamluks from saqaliba backgrounds. This demonstrates how textiles were used to manage social presence and power in historical settings.

There are at least twenty different styles of curtains and draperies used today. Some are simple, such as flat panel curtains, where fabric is hemmed on all four edges. Others are more complex, like pencil pleat curtains. These are formed by pulling cords attached to "rufflette tape" to gather the fabric into folds. Interestingly, rufflette tape was originally developed from tape used to hold ammunition for semi-automatic machine guns. Other styles include grommet curtains, which use metal rings, and tab top curtains, which use narrow straps. Even animal skin curtains were used in the Middle Ages, often made from rare specimens for royal figures.

Modern curtains are highly functional and can be operated in many ways. They can be moved by hand, with cords, or through remote-controlled computers. To keep windows clear, people use tie-backs, which are loops of cloth or cord used to hold the fabric to the side. Some systems use draw-pulls, which are rods made of wood, plastic, or metal. Curtains are also categorized by their technical properties, such as their ability to resist fire or resist the retention of oil and dust. Because they affect how a room feels and functions, they are considered a vital part of window treatments and interior design.

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File:Gordijnen aan venster.JPG
Gordijnen aan venster.JPG
File:Theatre Stage Albert Hall looking stage left showing theatre curtains (2016).jpg
Theatre Stage Albert Hall looking stage...
File:Window with transluscent curtains.jpg
Window with transluscent curtains.jpg
File:Ikkuna.JPG
Ikkuna.JPG
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