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Shower

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A shower is a place where a person bathes under a spray of water.

Showerhead
Showerhead

This water is typically warm or hot. Most modern showers allow the user to adjust the temperature and the spray pressure. People also often change the angle of the showerhead nozzle. In a home, a shower might be a dedicated stall or a combination unit with a bathtub.

Badewanne (fcm)
Badewanne (fcm)

Showers are widely used for hygiene because they are more efficient than using a bathtub. In a stall, a plastic curtain or a door is used to contain the water spray.

The mechanism of a shower involves directing water from a source to the body. Simple models use a swivelling nozzle aimed downward. More complex systems use a showerhead connected to a flexible hose with a mounting bracket. This allows the person to hold the nozzle and spray specific parts of their body. Some modern versions use a digital control panel to manage temperature with high precision. Other systems, called mixer showers, combine hot and cold water supplies within the unit.

Rib shower 1
Rib shower 1

There are even power showers that use an electric booster pump to increase water pressure.

Different types of showers serve many unique purposes. Domestic showers include stall showers, wet rooms, and shower/tub combinations. A wet room is a bathroom without a dedicated, raised shower area. Instead, the entire floor has a gradient or slope that leads to a drain hole. In Norway, any room with a drain and tap water is called a wet room. Public facilities often provide communal shower rooms with many showerheads installed on walls or posts.

Shower room (--40wiki)
Shower room (--40wiki)

Specialized versions exist, such as an air shower that uses high-pressure air to remove dust from cleanroom workers. There are also emergency showers in laboratories. These must deliver a continuous deluge of water for at least 15 minutes. They must be located no more than 10 seconds away from potential users.

Humans have sought the cleansing power of falling water for millennia. Historically, waterfalls served as primitive showers to rinse the body. Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians had indoor shower rooms where servants poured water over them. The ancient Greeks developed more advanced systems using aqueducts and lead pipes. These pipes pumped water into large communal shower rooms for both elites and common citizens.

The Douche. Wellcome L0003967
The Douche. Wellcome L0003967

The Romans expanded this tradition with their famous bathhouses, known as Thermae. They believed in bathing several times a week or even every day. However, these sophisticated water and sewage systems fell out of use after the Roman Empire collapsed.

Mechanical innovation began to change showering in the 18th century. In 1767, an English stove maker named William Feetham patented a hand-pumped shower. This device used a pump to force water into a vessel above the user's head. A chain was then pulled to release the water. Later, an anonymous English Regency design used metal pipes painted to look like bamboo. This design featured a basin that fed water into a nozzle. In 1839, the Polish-Canadian engineer Aleksander Edward Kierzkowski invented the shower cabin. Around 1850, the reinvention of reliable indoor plumbing allowed showers to connect to a continuous running water source.

In the 1870s, French doctor François Merry Delabost introduced communal showers to the French army. He had previously used them as a hygienic measure for prisoners in Rouen. His system used a steam engine to heat the water. In one instance, eight prisoners could wash simultaneously using only 20 litres of water in less than five minutes. This French system was later adopted by the Prussian army in 1879. Public bathhouses eventually began offering showers, with the first appearing in Vienna in 1887. In France, Charles Cazalet established public bathhouses in Bordeaux in 1893 and Paris in 1899.

Showering has become a massive part of modern water consumption. In Western cultures, bathing every day or multiple times a day is common. In an average American home, showering is the third largest use of water. It accounts for nearly 17 percent of all residential indoor water use. An average American shower lasts for 8.2 minutes with a flow rate of 9.5 gallons per minute. Because of this, the US Environmental Protection Agency recommends using showerheads that use less than 2.5 gallons per minute to conserve water. While technology has made showers common, they did not become popular in private homes until the 1970s.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Dusche-cut-w025-h025.jpg
Dusche-cut-w025-h025.jpg
File:Badewanne (fcm).jpg
Badewanne (fcm).jpg
File:The Douche. Wellcome L0003967.jpg
The Douche. Wellcome L0003967.jpg
File:Shower room (--40wiki).jpg
Shower room (--40wiki).jpg
File:Rib shower 1.JPG
Rib shower 1.JPG
File:Chuveiro eletrico brasileiro.jpg
Chuveiro eletrico brasileiro.jpg
File:Jugadušš (šarko) Moinaki limaani kõrgsoolase veega..jpg
Jugadušš (šarko) Moinaki limaani...
File:Showerhead.JPG
Showerhead.JPG
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