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Cotton

language culture Maturity 5-7 Vital Level 3 Next article →

Cotton is a soft and fluffy fiber that people use every day.

BALLS OF COTTON (ANDHRA -SOUTH INDIA) READY FOR HARVEST
BALLS OF COTTON (ANDHRA -SOUTH INDIA) READY FOR HARVEST

This fiber grows in a protective case called a boll. These bolls grow around the seeds of plants in the mallow family.

C21a
C21a

The fiber is made of a substance called cellulose. It is very useful because it makes cloth that is soft and strong. This type of fabric is also breathable, which helps air move through it. People love using cotton for the clothes they wear.

Making cotton cloth involves a few important steps. First, the fluffy fibers are harvested from the bolls. Next, the fibers are often spun into long strands of yarn or thread.

CSIRO ScienceImage 10736 Manually decontaminating cotton before processing at an Indian spinning mill
CSIRO ScienceImage 10736 Manually decontaminating cotton before processing at an Indian spinning mill

These threads can then be woven into different kinds of textiles. While most cotton is white, it can also grow in brown, pink, or green. Many farmers only grow white cotton to keep the colors consistent. This helps ensure the different types do not mix together.

Humans have been using cotton for thousands of years. In the Americas, people in Peru used cotton as far back as the 7th millennium BC.

MapCotton-1907-2023
MapCotton-1907-2023

They even made cloth dyed with indigo blue. In the Old World, tiny pieces of cotton thread were found in Pakistan. These were discovered inside copper beads from a site called Mehrgarh.

Mehrgarh pakistan rel96
Mehrgarh pakistan rel96

This shows that people were using cotton very early in history. In Africa, the Kingdom of Kush also had a strong culture of growing and weaving cotton.

There are four main species of cotton grown for business today. The most common is upland cotton, which comes from places like Mexico and Central America.

CottonYield
CottonYield

This one type makes up about 90% of the world's cotton. Another type is extra-long staple cotton from tropical South America. Tree cotton grows in India and Pakistan, while Levant cotton grows in southern Africa. India is currently the largest producer of cotton in the world. The United States is known as the largest exporter of the fiber.

Cotton is a huge part of how our world works. Every year, the world produces about 25 million tonnes of cotton.

Cotton bales at the port in Bombay in the 1860s
Cotton bales at the port in Bombay in the 1860s

This uses about 2.5% of all the land used for farming on Earth. Long ago, the invention of the cotton gin helped make production much cheaper. This change helped cotton become the most widely used natural fiber for clothing. Today, you can find cotton in many of the clothes in your own closet.

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🖼️ Images & Media (22)
File:BALLS OF COTTON (ANDHRA -SOUTH INDIA) READY FOR HARVEST.jpg
BALLS OF COTTON (ANDHRA -SOUTH INDIA)...
File:Mehrgarh pakistan rel96.JPG
Mehrgarh pakistan rel96.JPG
File:Mandeville cotton.jpg
Mandeville cotton.jpg
File:Vegetable lamb (Lee, 1887).jpg
Vegetable lamb (Lee, 1887).jpg
File:Renaldis muslin woman.jpg
Renaldis muslin woman.jpg
Cotton Picking in Egypt.tif
File:Cotton bales at the port in Bombay in the 1860s.JPG
Cotton bales at the port in Bombay in the...
File:William L. Sheppard - First use of the Cotton Gin, Harper's weekly, 18 Dec. 1869, p. 813.png
William L. Sheppard - First use of the...
File:MapCotton-1907-2023.jpg
MapCotton-1907-2023.jpg
File:Espanya Industrial - segle XIX.jpg
Espanya Industrial - segle XIX.jpg
File:Greene Co Ga1941 Delano.jpg
Greene Co Ga1941 Delano.jpg
File:Cotton Harlequin Bugs.jpg
Cotton Harlequin Bugs.jpg

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