Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Commodification

society Maturity 9-11 Next article →

Commodification is the process of transforming things into commodities. A commodity is an object or service meant for sale in a market. This process can apply to many different things. It can involve physical objects, services, or even abstract ideas. It can also affect nature, personal information, and animals. Some people argue that commodification causes a loss of inherent quality. When something enters a capitalist marketplace, it may lose its original social meaning.

Marx color
Marx color

To understand this process, we must look at how value changes. Before an object becomes a commodity, it has a "specific individual use value." This means the object is valued for its practical function. Once it becomes a commodity, it gains a new type of value. This new value is the amount for which it can be exchanged for another commodity. Karl Marx argued that this exchange value is often derived from the time taken to produce the good. In this system, other factors like morality or aesthetic appeal may become obsolete.

Scholars sometimes distinguish between two similar terms: commodification and commoditization. Commodification is usually used in social contexts. It describes a non-commercial good becoming commercial. This often carries the idea that the good has been "corrupted by commerce." On the other hand, commoditization is used in business contexts. It describes a market where existing products become interchangeable. In such markets, there is heavy price competition between similar goods. For example, microprocessors are often described as commoditized.

Karl Marx was a key figure in studying these economic systems. He viewed the commodity as the "cell-form" of capitalism. This means he saw the commodity as the basic building block of the whole system. Marx wrote extensively about the social impacts of this process. He used the terms "commodity fetishism" and "alienation" to describe these effects. He believed that eventually, everything would enter into commerce. He predicted that even virtue, love, and conscience would be exchanged like goods.

Commodification appears in many different areas of life. Animal commodification is one of the earliest forms. It began when humans started the domestication of animals. Today, animals are used for food, medicine, fashion, and research. Some scholars link animal food systems to capitalist interests. They note that over 200 billion land and aquatic animals are killed every year for human consumption. This large number is sometimes described by activists as an "animal holocaust."

Suppressed - Human flesh at auction
Suppressed - Human flesh at auction

Human commodification is a very serious topic in history and sociology. In the past, slavery treated people as commodities. Today, discussions include the trade of human organs and paid surrogacy. Some scholars, like Gøsta Esping-Andersen, note that people are commodified when they sell their labor to employers. There is also "self-commodification" in the modern age. Social media influencers use their lives, thoughts, and advice to build brands. They make money through books, subscriptions, and advertorials. Even personal information is commodified through digital tracking like cookies.

Culture and holidays are also affected by market forces. The commodification of culture can change the fabric of a society. Companies can influence style, language, and even how people experience love. This can lead to social friction or disillusionment. Holidays like Christmas and Halloween have also changed. They are often now based on material goods like decorations and gift-giving. This can shift the focus away from the original meaning of the holiday.

Finally, the commodification of indigenous cultures is a significant concern. This happens when areas of community life enter the domain of market exchange. For example, the Hawaiian lūʻau was once a traditional community party. Because of tourism, it has become a "for profit" performance. The author bell hooks described this as the dominant culture "eating the other." She meant that cultural expressions are often sold for the enjoyment of the dominant group.

Bell hooks, October 2014
Bell hooks, October 2014

This can strip away the original messages of social change.

636 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Marx_color.jpg
Marx_color.jpg
File:Suppressed_-_Human_flesh_at_auction.jpg
Suppressed_-_Human_flesh_at_auction.jpg
File:Bell_hooks,_October_2014.jpg
Bell_hooks,_October_2014.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.