Nepedia
Back to Discover
Fluent Reader
📖

Colosseum

sports Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Colosseum is a huge, oval building in the center of Rome, Italy.

Rom Colosseum Sept 2021 3
Rom Colosseum Sept 2021 3

It is the largest ancient amphitheatre ever built in the world. An amphitheatre is a large, open space for public shows. People traveled from far away to see amazing events here. They watched gladiators fight and saw wild animal hunts. Some shows even included plays about Roman myths. They even held mock sea battles inside the arena.

Jean-Leon Gerome Pollice Verso
Jean-Leon Gerome Pollice Verso

Building such a giant structure required many different materials. Builders used travertine limestone, volcanic rock called tuff, and brick-faced concrete.

L-Kolloseum
L-Kolloseum

They also used wood, tiles, and mortar to hold things together. The work relied on a massive workforce of many people. This included professional engineers, artists, and decorators. It also included many unskilled workers like slaves and prisoners of war. The building was so large it could hold 50,000 to 80,000 people. On average, about 65,000 spectators sat in the stands to watch.

History began with the Flavian dynasty of Roman emperors. Emperor Vespasian started the construction around 72 AD. His son and heir, Titus, finished the work in AD 80.

Colosseum Ses Titus 80AD
Colosseum Ses Titus 80AD

Later, another son named Domitian made more changes. He built the hypogeum, which was a system of tunnels. These tunnels were used to keep animals and slaves hidden. Domitian also added a new gallery at the very top. This extra level helped the building hold even more people.

Over many centuries, the Colosseum faced many hard jobs. A major fire in 217 AD destroyed the wooden upper levels.

Cole Thomas Interior of the Colosseum Rome 1832
Cole Thomas Interior of the Colosseum Rome 1832

Earthquakes also caused heavy damage to the stone walls. In 1349, a great earthquake made the south side collapse. Because of this, people took some of the stones. They used these pieces, called spolia, to build new churches and houses. The building was even used as a fortress and a home. For a time, it even served as a place for workshops.

Today, the Colosseum is a famous symbol of Imperial Rome. It is listed as one of the New 7 Wonders of the World.

Piranesi Kolosseum
Piranesi Kolosseum

You can even see its image on the Italian 5 euro cent coin. Every Good Friday, the Pope leads a special procession there. This walk is called the "Way of the Cross." Many tourists visit the site to see its ancient beauty. It remains one of the most popular places to visit in Italy.

392 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (25)
File:Frith, Francis (1822-1898) - Roma - Interno del Colosseo.jpg
Frith, Francis (1822-1898) - Roma -...
File:Colosseum Ses Titus 80AD.JPG
Colosseum Ses Titus 80AD.JPG
File:Map of downtown Rome during the Roman Empire large.png
Map of downtown Rome during the Roman...
File:L-Kolloseum.png
L-Kolloseum.png
File:Coliseo medieval.jpg
Coliseo medieval.jpg
File:Maarten van Heemskerck - Rome, the Colosseum.jpg
Maarten van Heemskerck - Rome, the Colosseum.jpg
File:Piranesi Kolosseum.jpg
Piranesi Kolosseum.jpg
File:Colosseum and Arch of Constantine (est. 1870).jpg
Colosseum and Arch of Constantine (est. 1870).jpg
File:The British Army on Leave in Italy, June 1944 TR1959.jpg
The British Army on Leave in Italy, June...
File:Cole Thomas Interior of the Colosseum Rome 1832.jpg
Cole Thomas Interior of the Colosseum...
File:Colosseum, Eastern Interior.jpg
Colosseum, Eastern Interior.jpg
File:Colosseum exterior, inner and outer wall AvL.jpg
Colosseum exterior, inner and outer wall AvL.jpg

+ 13 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.