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Cognition

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Cognition is the way our minds deal with knowledge. It involves many mental tasks like getting, storing, and using information. These processes help us understand and interact with everything around us. We use cognition to plan our days and respond to our environment. Many of these mental activities happen all at the same time. This constant work makes us aware of the world.

Simplified model of perception and memory
Simplified model of perception and memory

One way the mind works is through perception. This is how we organize sensory information like light and sound. It starts when our bodies detect physical stimuli. These signals travel to the brain as electrical pulses. The brain then builds a clear experience of objects and events. This includes recognizing familiar faces or hearing a specific song.

1206 FMRI
1206 FMRI

Another important part is memory. Memory has three main stages to make it work. First, there is an input phase to gain new information. Next, a storage phase keeps that information safe for later. Finally, an output phase retrieves the data when we need it. We use working memory to hold facts while we do math. We use long-term memory to keep childhood stories for many years.

Metacognition2
Metacognition2

Thinking is a special type of cognition. It is when we consider and change ideas in our heads. This includes solving hard problems and making important decisions. We also use reasoning to reach conclusions from facts. Some thinking is conscious, meaning we do it on purpose. Other thinking is unconscious, like how we recognize faces automatically.

Artificial neural network colored
Artificial neural network colored

People have studied the mind for a very long time. The word cognition comes from an old Indo-European root. It entered the English language through the Latin word "cognoscere." The study of the mind became very popular after the 1950s. This period is known as the cognitive revolution. Today, scientists study how cognition works in humans and animals. They even look at how machines might copy these processes.

Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor (cropped)
Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor (cropped)
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File:Simplified model of perception and memory.svg
Simplified model of perception and memory.svg
File:Metacognition2.svg
Metacognition2.svg
File:Artificial neural network colored.svg
Artificial neural network colored.svg
File:Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor (cropped).png
Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor (cropped).png
File:BonoboFishing04.jpeg
BonoboFishing04.jpeg
File:1206 FMRI.jpg
1206 FMRI.jpg
File:John Locke.jpg
John Locke.jpg
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