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Candide

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Candide is a famous French book written by the philosopher Voltaire.

Voltaire dictionary
Voltaire dictionary

It is a satire, which is a story that uses humor to mock certain ideas. The story follows a young man named Candide. He begins his life in a safe and happy paradise. His teacher, Professor Pangloss, teaches him a belief called optimism. Pangloss says that everything happens for the best in the best of all possible worlds.

VoltaireCandidFrontis+Chap01-1762
VoltaireCandidFrontis+Chap01-1762

However, Candide soon leaves this home and travels the world. He sees many hardships that make him doubt his teacher's lessons.

The story moves very quickly through many strange and wild events. This style is often called a picaresque novel. It also acts like a bildungsroman, which is a story about growing up. Candide meets many different people on his long journey. He travels with characters like his valet, Cacambo, and a philosopher named Martin. He also meets Cunégonde, the woman he loves. As he travels, he experiences many difficult things. These events help him move away from his old way of thinking.

Voltaire was inspired by real events from his own time. He was deeply affected by the Seven Years' War. He was also moved by the huge earthquake in Lisbon in 1755.

1755 Lisbon earthquake
1755 Lisbon earthquake

This disaster included a tsunami and many fires. Philosophers of that time struggled to explain such a tragedy. Many believed in the optimism of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. This idea said God is good even when bad things happen. Voltaire used his book to argue against this specific view.

Scholars believe Voltaire wrote the book between 1757 and 1758. He likely wrote parts of it while visiting places like Geneva.

Moreau Sucre crop
Moreau Sucre crop

Some people even tell a legend that he wrote it in only three days. The book was published secretly in many countries in early 1759. It was banned in some places for its bold ideas. One special copy is called the La Vallière Manuscript. It was found in 1956 after being hidden for nearly two hundred years. This manuscript was likely dictated to a secretary named Jean-Louis Wagnière.

Today, Candide is considered one of the most important books in history. It is a major part of the Western canon. Many artists have been inspired by the story over the years. The artist Paul Klee said the book helped him find his own style.

Moreau Monkeys crop
Moreau Monkeys crop

Even though Voltaire did not want pictures in his books, many illustrators made them. Jean-Michel Moreau le Jeune created drawings for the book in 1787 and 1803. The book remains a very important work in French literature. It is still taught in schools all over the world.

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File:1755 Lisbon earthquake.jpg
1755 Lisbon earthquake.jpg
File:Voltaire dictionary.jpg
Voltaire dictionary.jpg
File:Moreau Monkeys crop.jpg
Moreau Monkeys crop.jpg
File:VoltaireCandidFrontis+Chap01-1762.jpg
VoltaireCandidFrontis+Chap01-1762.jpg
File:Moreau Sucre crop.jpg
Moreau Sucre crop.jpg
File:Leonard Bernstein NYWTS 1955.jpg
Leonard Bernstein NYWTS 1955.jpg
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