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César Ritz

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César Ritz was a Swiss businessman and hotelier who revolutionized the travel industry.

César und Marie-Louise Ritz 1888
César und Marie-Louise Ritz 1888

He is widely considered a pioneer of the modern luxury hotel. Ritz founded several world-famous establishments, including the Hôtel Ritz in Paris. He also created the Ritz and Carlton Hotels in London. These hotels served as the predecessors to the modern Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company. Because of his immense success, he earned the nickname "King of Hoteliers, and Hotelier to Kings." His influence was so great that his name became the root of the word "ritzy," which describes something very fancy or high-class.

His journey toward success began with a significant setback. Born on February 23, 1850, in Niederwald, Switzerland, Ritz was the youngest of thirteen children. His father was a farmer and a local official. At age fifteen, Ritz began an apprenticeship as a sommelier, which is a trained wine waiter. However, his employer dismissed him, claiming Ritz lacked the "special knack" needed for the hotel business. Rather than giving up, Ritz moved to Paris in 1867. During the Franco-Prussian War siege of 1870–71, he gained the confidence and polish needed to rise through the ranks. He moved from being a waiter to a maître d'hôtel, and eventually to a full hotelier.

Ritz developed a specific philosophy for managing luxury service. He was one of the first to mandate that "the customer is always right." This code required staff to be attentive without being servile, meaning they were helpful but not disrespectful. If a guest complained about food or wine, Ritz instructed staff to replace it immediately without asking questions. He also pioneered new standards for hygiene and cleanliness. Instead of using heavy draperies and wallpaper, he used washable paint and light, washable fabrics. These changes made hotels much easier to keep clean and fresh for guests.

One notable moment demonstrated his ability to handle crises. While managing the Rigi Kulm Hotel in Switzerland, the central heating failed on a very cold day. A group of 40 guests was arriving for lunch. Ritz quickly changed the menu to hot dishes to keep people warm. He also heated 40 bricks in an oven and wrapped them in flannel cloths. He placed these warm bricks at the footstools of each guest. This quick thinking was noticed by Max Pfyffer, a designer who recorded the event in a scrapbook.

In 1888, Ritz began a famous partnership with the chef Auguste Escoffier. They were invited to London to manage the Savoy Hotel from 1889 to 1897. Together, they turned the Savoy into an immediate success. They attracted royal families and wealthy socialites, such as the Prince of Wales. Escoffier introduced the English to French haute cuisine, which is high-quality, sophisticated cooking. This partnership resulted in the creation of famous dishes like Pêche Melba. Under their leadership, aristocratic women began to feel comfortable dining in public.

César und Marie-Louise Ritz 1888
César und Marie-Louise Ritz 1888

However, Ritz's career faced a major scandal in March 1898. He was dismissed from the Savoy Hotel following allegations of fraud. Auditors reported the disappearance of over £3,400 in wine and spirits. They also claimed he received kickbacks, which are secret payments, from suppliers. While his widow claimed he resigned, the hotel's official reports stated he was sacked. Despite this setback, Ritz continued to build his empire. He established the Carlton Hotel in London and found new investors for other projects. He formed a syndicate with Alfred Beit, a very wealthy South African millionaire, to open the Hôtel Ritz in Paris in 1898.

By the late 1890s, Ritz was managing hotels in many international locations. His enterprises included sites in Rome, Frankfurt, Monte Carlo, and Cairo. He also had projects in Madrid, Johannesburg, and Biarritz. His wife noted that his suitcases were rarely fully unpacked because he was always traveling to a new destination. He eventually had to retire due to declining health, leaving his various companies between 1907 and 1911. César Ritz died on October 26, 1918, in Küssnacht. He rose from a humble Swiss peasant family to become a legendary figure in global hospitality.

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