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Charles Rolls

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Charles Stewart Rolls was a British pioneer in both motoring and aviation.

CharlesRolls
CharlesRolls

Born on August 27, 1877, in London, he was the third son of the 1st Baron Llangattock. Although born in the city, his family had deep roots in Wales at a country house called The Hendre. Rolls was a man driven by a fascination with engines and movement. This passion earned him the nickname "dirty Rolls" while he was a student at Eton College. He eventually studied mechanical and applied science at Trinity College, Cambridge. His early life was defined by a desire to master new technologies.

Charles Rolls driving medal at Monmouth Museum, Wales
Charles Rolls driving medal at Monmouth Museum, Wales

Rolls was an early enthusiast of the automobile. In 1896, at age 18, he traveled to Paris to purchase a Peugeot Phaeton. This vehicle is believed to be the first car based in Cambridge and one of the first three in Wales. He became deeply involved in the politics of early motoring. He joined the Self-Propelled Traffic Association to fight restrictions from the Locomotive Acts. He also helped found the Automobile Club of Great Britain. After graduating from Cambridge in 1898, he worked on the steam yacht Santa Maria. He also held a position with the London and North Western Railway in Crewe.

Panhard & Levassor autocar, C S Rolls driver and George V
Panhard & Levassor autocar, C S Rolls driver and George V

His most famous achievement began with a meeting at the Midland Hotel in Manchester on May 4, 1904.

CharlesRolls
CharlesRolls

A friend named Henry Edmunds introduced Rolls to the engineer Henry Royce. Although Rolls preferred engines with three or four cylinders, he was impressed by the two-cylinder Royce 10. On December 23, 1904, they reached an agreement. Rolls agreed to take all the cars Royce could manufacture. These vehicles were produced with two, three, four, and six cylinders. They were eventually badged as Rolls-Royces. In 1906, they formalized this into Rolls-Royce Limited. Rolls served as the Technical Managing Director, earning a salary of £750 per year plus 4% of profits over £10,000.

CharlesRolls
CharlesRolls

Rolls provided the business acumen and financial backing for the partnership. He used his skills in salesmanship to promote the brand. He traveled to the United States in 1906 to advertise the cars. He focused specifically on the smoothness and quietness of the vehicles. By 1907, the company was already winning awards for reliability and quality. However, by 1909, his interest in the car business began to wane. He resigned as Technical Managing Director at the end of that year. He remained with the company as a non-executive director.

CharlesRolls
CharlesRolls

Before he turned to planes, Rolls was a highly accomplished balloonist.

The late C.S. Rolls and Hon. Mrs Assheton Harbord
The late C.S. Rolls and Hon. Mrs Assheton Harbord

In 1901, he co-founded a ballooning club that later became the Royal Aero Club. He completed over 170 balloon ascents during his career. In 1903, he won the Gordon Bennett Gold Medal for the longest single flight time. His interests eventually shifted toward powered flight. In 1908, he flew with Wilbur Wright near Le Mans, France. That flight lasted four minutes and twenty seconds. He later purchased a Wright Flyer built by Short Brothers under license. By October 1909, he had completed more than 200 flights.

Rolls achieved significant milestones in the history of aviation. In March 1910, he became the second person licensed to fly by the Royal Aero Club. On June 2, 1910, he performed a historic non-stop double crossing of the English Channel. The flight took 95 minutes to complete. This included the first eastbound aerial crossing of the Channel. For this achievement, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Aero Club. While others like Louis Bleriot had crossed the Channel before him, Rolls' eastbound feat was unique.

Memorial to Charles Rolls at Hengistbury Head, Southbourne, Dorset
Memorial to Charles Rolls at Hengistbury Head, Southbourne, Dorset

Tragically, Rolls died at the age of 32 during a flying display.

Death of Charles Stewart Rolls - Illustrated London News 2
Death of Charles Stewart Rolls - Illustrated London News 2

The accident occurred on July 12, 1910, at Hengistbury Airfield in Bournemouth. While flying his Wright Flyer, the tail of the aircraft broke off. He was the first Briton killed in an aeronautical accident involving a powered aircraft. He was also the eleventh person in the world to die this way. His death was the first powered aviation fatality in the United Kingdom. Today, he is remembered through various memorials. These include a statue in Monmouth and a memorial at Hengistbury Head.

Memorial to Charles Rolls at Hengistbury Head, Southbourne, Dorset
Memorial to Charles Rolls at Hengistbury Head, Southbourne, Dorset
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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Charles Rolls driving medal at Monmouth Museum, Wales.JPG
Charles Rolls driving medal at Monmouth...
File:Panhard & Levassor autocar, C S Rolls driver and George V.jpg
Panhard & Levassor autocar, C S Rolls...
File:CharlesRolls.jpg
CharlesRolls.jpg
File:The late C.S. Rolls and Hon. Mrs Assheton Harbord.jpg
The late C.S. Rolls and Hon. Mrs Assheton...
Explaining His Air Ship to the Hon. C.S....
File:Death of Charles Stewart Rolls - Illustrated London News 2.jpg
Death of Charles Stewart Rolls -...
File:Memorial to Charles Rolls at Hengistbury Head, Southbourne, Dorset.jpg
Memorial to Charles Rolls at Hengistbury...
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