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Buttonquail

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Buttonquails are small birds that live on the ground. They belong to a family called Turnicidae. Even though they look like quails, they are not related to them. They are actually part of the Charadriiformes group. This means they are closely related to shorebirds. These birds live in warm, tropical grasslands. You can find them in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, and New Guinea.

These birds have a very interesting way of living. Most buttonquails prefer to run rather than fly. They are small, and the smallest is the quail-plover. This little bird weighs only 12 grams. Other birds in the Turnix genus are larger. Females are much brighter in color than males. They also have a special vocal organ. This organ uses an enlarged trachea and a bulb in the esophagus. It helps them make a loud booming call.

Scientists have studied these birds for a long time. A French naturalist named Pierre Bonnaterre named the genus Turnix in 1791. Later, an English zoologist named George Robert Gray named the family Turnicidae in 1840. For a while, people thought they were related to cranes or pheasants. However, DNA studies showed they are shorebirds. Fossils like Turnipax show they are an ancient group. These old bones date back to the Early Oligocene.

Buttonquails have a unique way of raising their families. This way of life is called sequential polyandry. Both parents help build a nest on the ground. The nest is often near overhanging plants. A female lays a clutch of 4 or 5 eggs. After laying them, she often finds a new mate. The male stays to incubate the eggs. The eggs hatch in 12 to 15 days. The male then cares for the young chicks.

Growing up is fast for these little birds. The chicks are precocial, which means they can leave the nest soon after hatching. They can fly when they are two weeks old. By four weeks, they are independent. For the smallest species, they reach maturity in only three months. This fast growth helps them survive in the grasslands. You can see how they fit into the world of birds. They are special members of the shorebird family.

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