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Butter knife

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A butter knife is a specialized table knife designed for serving and spreading.

Multiple butter knives, a butter spreader, and a butter pick (1897)
Multiple butter knives, a butter spreader, and a butter pick (1897)

Its primary function is to apply butter to bread or crackers. These utensils are also useful for other soft foods like pâté or soft cheese. If a person does not have a specialized tool, they might use a butter knife for moulded jelly. These implements allow diners to add flavor to their food with precision and ease.

There are several distinct types of tools used for handling butter. The butter spreader is an individual knife used by a single diner. It is typically quite small, measuring between 5 and 6 inches in length. Most spreaders feature a rounded point to prevent tearing the bread. Some designs even include blades that are wider at the end.

Another type is the serving butter knife, sometimes called a master butter knife. This tool is often dull-edged but may have a sharp point and a sabre shape.

The serving butter knife serves a very specific purpose in formal settings. It is used to move pats of butter from a central dish to individual plates. It is not intended for spreading butter onto bread. Using a serving knife this way prevents contamination of the main butter dish. This ensures the butter remaining in the dish stays clean for the next person.

This distinction between serving and spreading became very important during the Victorian era.

History shows that butter tools have changed significantly over many centuries. In the Middle Ages, people used large pieces of bread called trenchers to hold food. These were not always considered food themselves, except by the poor. The bread intended for eating was served separately on the left side. This is similar to where the modern bread-and-butter plate is placed today.

Smörhund med kniv
Smörhund med kniv

Later, a small dish called a butter pat was used. This dish, usually 2 inches in diameter, held a single mound of butter.

The Victorian era brought a "craze" of specialization for these utensils. During this time, many different knife-like implements were invented to handle butter. In the mid-18th century, picks were commonly used to manage butter. These were necessary because butter was often served inside chilled earthenware pots. A butter pick acted like a drill to pierce the butter and pull it out.

Multiple butter knives, a butter spreader, and a butter pick (1897)
Multiple butter knives, a butter spreader, and a butter pick (1897)

By the mid-18th century, these picks were mostly replaced by knives. Some tools even combined the functions of a knife and a pick into one item.

Changes in food availability also influenced the design of these tools. At the end of the 19th century, fresh fruits became more available in the United States during winter. This increased availability reduced the need for specialized pickle knives. Because of this shift, some items were marketed as small master butter knives.

Multiple butter knives, a butter spreader, and a butter pick (1897)
Multiple butter knives, a butter spreader, and a butter pick (1897)

After the First World War, there was a general tendency toward simplification. This led to the combination of the separate bread and butter plates into one modern B&B plate.

Modern etiquette involves specific rules for using these tools with a bread-and-butter plate, or B&B plate. A spreader is typically laid on top of the B&B plate. It can be placed vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. The presence of butter and bread varies depending on the culture and the setting. In formal European dinners, the B&B plate is optional. In North American private residences, a B&B plate is often not used because the meal provides all necessary textures.

In restaurants, bread is often provided to help guests cleanse their palate. If no spreader is available, a standard dinner knife may be used as an alternative.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Smörhund med kniv.jpg
Smörhund med kniv.jpg
File:Butter knives by Towle ("Colonial Paul Revere pattern, 1901).png
Butter knives by Towle ("Colonial Paul...
File:Multiple butter knives, a butter spreader, and a butter pick (1897).png
Multiple butter knives, a butter...
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