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Butcher

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A butcher is a highly skilled tradesperson specializing in the processing of meat. Their work involves breaking down animal carcasses into large sections known as primal cuts. They also handle the preparation and retailing of meat for various customers. Butchers may work in many different environments. These include supermarkets, grocery stores, butcher shops, and fish markets. Some work in large slaughterhouses, while others may be self-employed.

Boucherie du Bac, Paris 10 April 2013
Boucherie du Bac, Paris 10 April 2013

The process of butchery follows a specific sequence of technical steps. In industrialized settings, this often occurs on a semi-automated disassembly line. First, the animal undergoes stunning to render it incapacitated. This is followed by exsanguination, which is the process of severing arteries to remove blood. Next, the butcher performs skinning to remove the hide or pelt. For pork, workers may use scalding and dehairing to clean the skin. Then, they perform evisceration to remove the viscera, or internal organs. Finally, the carcass is split in half longitudinally.

Tagli bovino
Tagli bovino

After the initial stages, the work is divided into primary and secondary butchery. Primary butchery occurs after the carcasses have been chilled. During this stage, butchers select carcasses or quarters to produce primal cuts. They aim to minimize wastage during this separation process. Once the primal cuts are ready, they are trimmed and stored. Secondary butchery involves more detailed work on these primal cuts. This includes boning, trimming, and value-adding to prepare the meat for final sale.

Florenz-66-Metzgerei-1983-gje
Florenz-66-Metzgerei-1983-gje

Butchery is an ancient trade that likely dates back to the domestication of livestock. In England, practitioners organized themselves into formal guilds as early as 1272. Today, the profession involves various levels of formal training and certification. Many countries offer trade certifications to ensure high standards of quality, safety, and health. In English-speaking countries, many butchers earn their qualifications through an apprenticeship. In Canada, a trade-qualified butcher can advance to become a master butcher, also known as a Fleishmaster.

Bill Tong being weighed ready for sale in Africa
Bill Tong being weighed ready for sale in Africa

Retail environments for meat vary significantly by region and culture. In the United States and Canada, traditional butcher shops have become less common. This change is due to the rising popularity of supermarkets and warehouse clubs. Many remaining specialized shops now cater to immigrant communities or customers seeking organic products. Some shops, called meat delis, even include a delicatessen. These shops may sell related items like charcuterie, baked goods, or grocery supplies.

Cultural traditions heavily influence how meat is cut and sold. Primal cuts, which are the first pieces separated from the carcass, differ by country. For instance, the British, American, and French use different methods for primal cuts. A specific example is found in pork processing regarding fatback. In Europe, fatback is considered an important primal cut. However, in North America, it is often treated as trimmings for sausage or lard.

Tagli bovino
Tagli bovino

The term "butcher" also has a metaphorical and historical use outside of food. It has been applied to people who act with extreme cruelty toward others. For example, the Roman politician Pompey earned the nickname "The Butcher Boy" for his treatment of opponents. In more recent history, Ratko Mladić was known as "the Butcher of the Balkans." Even in sports, the term can be used to describe aggressive styles. The footballer Andoni Goikoetxea was nicknamed "The Butcher of Bilbao" due to his intense playing style.

The blood of the murdered crying for vengeance (BM 1868,0808.6277)
The blood of the murdered crying for vengeance (BM 1868,0808.6277)
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File:Florenz-66-Metzgerei-1983-gje.jpg
Florenz-66-Metzgerei-1983-gje.jpg
File:Bill Tong being weighed ready for sale in Africa.jpg
Bill Tong being weighed ready for sale in...
File:Boucherie du Bac, Paris 10 April 2013.jpg
Boucherie du Bac, Paris 10 April 2013.jpg
File:Tagli bovino.svg
Tagli bovino.svg
File:The blood of the murdered crying for vengeance (BM 1868,0808.6277).jpg
The blood of the murdered crying for...
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