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Bus rapid transit

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Bus rapid transit, or BRT, is a smart way to move many people through a city.

EDSA Carousel North Avenue stop 4April2025 03
EDSA Carousel North Avenue stop 4April2025 03

It aims to combine the speed of a train with the low cost of a bus. Many cities use these systems to help people travel quickly without the high price of building rail tracks. A BRT system can use regular buses, electric buses, or even trolleybuses. These systems are very useful for busy urban areas. They help cities handle large crowds of people every single day.

There are a few special ways a BRT system works to keep things moving. First, buses often use dedicated lanes that are only for them.

Xiamen BRT 18m
Xiamen BRT 18m

This keeps them away from slow car traffic and traffic jams. Second, passengers use off-board fare collection.

TransMilenio Calle 63
TransMilenio Calle 63

This means people pay for their ride at the station before the bus arrives. Because they already paid, they can board through all the doors very quickly. Third, stations use platform-level boarding.

Cultural Centre busway station February 2016
Cultural Centre busway station February 2016

The station floor is level with the bus floor so people can step right on.

The history of these systems started with many different ideas. The Runcorn Busway in England opened in October 1971.

Elevated busway at Runcorn Shopping City
Elevated busway at Runcorn Shopping City

A planner named Arthur Ling even said he thought of the idea while sketching on an envelope. In the United States, the El Monte Busway opened in 1973.

Later, the term "transitway" was used in Ottawa, Canada, starting in 1983. These early steps helped leaders learn how to build better bus paths for everyone.

Curitiba, Brazil, was the first city to use every BRT feature in one system.

Curitiba 04 2006 06 RIT
Curitiba 04 2006 06 RIT

This happened in 1974 with the Rede Integrada de Transporte. Today, 166 cities on six continents use BRT systems. About 32.2 million passengers ride these buses every day. Latin America has the most systems with 54 cities. Brazil has 21 cities and moves 10.7 million people daily.

Metrobus L7 08 (cropped)
Metrobus L7 08 (cropped)

The longest network is Transjakarta in Jakarta, Indonesia, which has 264.6 km of lanes.

You can think of a BRT like a train that can change its path. Unlike a train, a bus is very flexible. If a road is closed, the bus can take a different way.

Autobus Bi-articulado Transmetro Guatemala
Autobus Bi-articulado Transmetro Guatemala

Some buses are even huge, like bi-articulated buses that are 30 meters long. These long buses can carry up to 300 passengers at once. This makes the system much more efficient than a normal bus. It is a clever way to use the roads we already have.

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🖼️ Images & Media (21)
File:DMR-240169 Perum DAMRI Transjakarta Skywell Bus.jpg
DMR-240169 Perum DAMRI Transjakarta...
File:Autobus Bi-articulado Transmetro Guatemala.jpg
Autobus Bi-articulado Transmetro Guatemala.jpg
File:Elevated busway at Runcorn Shopping City.jpg
Elevated busway at Runcorn Shopping City.jpg
File:Curitiba 04 2006 06 RIT.jpg
Curitiba 04 2006 06 RIT.jpg
File:Quito Trole 08 2011 3343.jpg
Quito Trole 08 2011 3343.jpg
File:Scania K280UB O-Bahn Bus.jpg
Scania K280UB O-Bahn Bus.jpg
File:EDSA Carousel North Avenue stop 4April2025 03.jpg
EDSA Carousel North Avenue stop 4April2025 03.jpg
File:Xiamen BRT 18m.jpg
Xiamen BRT 18m.jpg
File:RichmondHillCentre7.jpg
RichmondHillCentre7.jpg
File:Cultural Centre busway station February 2016.jpg
Cultural Centre busway station February 2016.jpg
File:Highland ART Station Albuquerque.jpg
Highland ART Station Albuquerque.jpg
File:Metrobus L7 08 (cropped).jpg
Metrobus L7 08 (cropped).jpg

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