Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Buru

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Buru is the third largest island within the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. It is an oval-shaped landmass that sits between the Seram Sea to the north and the Banda Sea to the south and west. The island is part of the Maluku province and is divided into two administrative areas. These are the Buru Regency and the South Buru Regency. The largest towns on the island are Namlea and Namrole. Both of these towns serve as administrative centers and have their own airports.

Teluk Kayeli
Teluk Kayeli

The geography of Buru is defined by its rugged and mountainous terrain. Most of the island is very high, especially in the central and western regions. Out of the total 9,505 square kilometers, a large portion sits well above sea level. For example, 382 square kilometers are located at heights above 1,500 meters. The highest point on the island is the peak of Mount Kapalatmada. The coastline is mostly smooth, but it features a large indentation called Kayeli Bay. This bay is located on the eastern coast and is about 50 km long.

Water plays a vital role in the island's ecosystem and physical structure. The Apo River is the longest river on Buru. It flows toward the northeast and empties into Kayeli Bay. The riverbed is very winding, with many loops throughout its length. There are also two other permanent rivers named Geren and Nibe. In the center of the island, you can find Lake Rana. This is the only significant lake on Buru. It is a freshwater lake with a nearly rectangular shape.

The climate on Buru is described as equatorial monsoonal. This means the island is generally wet and follows a seasonal pattern. The rainy season lasts from October to April. Rainfall is highest during the months of December, January, and February. Because the island is so mountainous, there are several different climatic zones. While the average annual temperature is about 26 °C, the amount of rain changes with the height of the land. In the mountains, above 500 meters, the annual precipitation can reach 3,000 to 4,000 mm.

Teluk Kayeli
Teluk Kayeli

Buru is a very important place for biological research. It sits at the boundary between the biogeographic zones of Asia and Australia. This unique position means its flora and fauna are quite special. There are 178 recorded species of birds on the island. Ten of these, such as the Buru racket-tail, are endemic. Endemic means they are found only on Buru or a few very nearby islands.

Prioniturus mada -captive-8a-2c
Prioniturus mada -captive-8a-2c

The island also hosts 25 mammal species. One notable animal is the Buru babirusa, a wild pig with long, thick hair. Some bird species, like the black-lored parrot, are considered vulnerable or endangered.

Prioniturus mada -captive-8a-2c
Prioniturus mada -captive-8a-2c

The history of Buru involves many different groups of people. The island was first mentioned around the year 1365. Between 1658 and 1942, it was a colony of the Dutch East India Company and later the Crown of the Netherlands. The Dutch built a fort at Kayeli Bay and moved villages to work on clove plantations.

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De hoofdpoort van de vestingwerken van de V.O.C. op Boeroe opgericht in 1748 TMnr 10002100
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De hoofdpoort van de vestingwerken van de V.O.C. op Boeroe opgericht in 1748 TMnr 10002100

Japanese forces occupied the island from 1942 to 1945. In 1950, Buru became part of independent Indonesia. During the 1960s and 1970s, the island held many political prisoners. The famous writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer wrote his Buru Quartet novels while he was held there.

Today, the population of Buru is approximately 215,277 people. The people are a mix of indigenous groups and immigrants. Indigenous groups include the Buru, Lisela, Ambelau, Kayeli, Masarete, Rana, and Wai Apu. The population is split nearly evenly between Christianity and Sunni Islam. Most people work in agriculture. They grow crops like rice, maize, cocoa, coffee, and spices. Cloves and nutmeg are very important crops on the island.

Syzygium aromaticum on tree
Syzygium aromaticum on tree
Driedcloves
Driedcloves

People also rely on fishing and animal farming for their livelihoods.

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Inwoners van het dorp Waepote voor een huis op het eiland Boeroe TMnr 10005850
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Inwoners van het dorp Waepote voor een huis op het eiland Boeroe TMnr 10005850
633 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM 'De 'Taliwang' ter hoogte van de steiger in Namlea' TMnr 10028411.jpg
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM 'De 'Taliwang' ter...
File:Teluk Kayeli.jpg
Teluk Kayeli.jpg
File:Prioniturus mada -captive-8a-2c.jpg
Prioniturus mada -captive-8a-2c.jpg
File:Driedcloves.JPG
Driedcloves.JPG
File:Syzygium aromaticum on tree.jpg
Syzygium aromaticum on tree.jpg
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De hoofdpoort van de vestingwerken van de V.O.C. op Boeroe opgericht in 1748 TMnr 10002100.jpg
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De hoofdpoort van...
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Inwoners van het dorp Waepote voor een huis op het eiland Boeroe TMnr 10005850.jpg
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Inwoners van het...
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Drie mannen van de Wal Pangat stam staan voor een offerhuisje Noord-Boeroe TMnr 10005704.jpg
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Drie mannen van de...
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.