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Seram Island

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Seram is the largest island in the Maluku province of Indonesia. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island. Many other islands sit nearby, such as Saparua, Haruku, and the Banda Islands. Some local people call the island Nusa Ina, which means Mother Island. This name reflects the belief that it is an ancestral home.

Tulehu
Tulehu

The island has a very complex geological structure. This complexity comes from its location near several tectonic microplates. These plates move and interact in a way that makes the area one of the most tectonically complex on Earth. Over the last 8 million years, the microplate containing Seram has twisted by 80 degrees. This happened because the Papua microplate moves relatively faster. At the same time, the Australian Plate pushes northward. This movement causes the land to rise. Because of this uplift, the north-central peaks of Seram reach heights of over 3,000 meters.

Seram features diverse landscapes shaped by its geology. A central mountain range runs through the middle of the island. These mountains are covered in dense rain forests. The island also contains important karst areas, which are landscapes made of limestone. These areas often feature caves and underground water. Near Sawai, you can find the Hatu Saka cave. It is currently the deepest cave in Indonesia at 388 meters deep. In the Taniwel district on the north coast, there is the Sapalewa river. This is one of the largest underground rivers on the planet.

The history of Seram involves many different groups. In the 1500s, the island was often under the influence of Ternate. In 1512, António de Abreu and Francisco Serrão explored the southern coast. This was the first time Europeans had seen the area. Later, Portuguese missionaries were active on the island during the 16th century. In the early 17th century, the Dutch opened trading posts. By approximately 1650, the island was under nominal Dutch control.

AMH-4719-NA The fort at Loki and Company troops in the interior
AMH-4719-NA The fort at Loki and Company troops in the interior

In the 1780s, Seram served as a base for Prince Nuku of Tidore. He used the island to support a rebellion against Dutch rule.

Seram is a vital place for unique wildlife. The island has a high degree of bird endemism. This means many bird species live there and nowhere else. There are 117 bird species on the island. Fourteen of these are endemic, such as the salmon-crested cockatoo and the Seram masked owl. The mountains also support many endemic mammals. There are 38 mammal species in total. Nine of these are endemic or near-endemic. Some of these animals, like the Seram bandicoot and the Manusela mosaic-tailed rat, are considered threatened. You may also find saltwater crocodiles in the coastal waters and deltas.

The population of Seram and its neighbors was 773,459 in the 2020 Census. This number does not include the people living in Ambon city. The island is divided into three administrative regencies, or kabupaten. West Seram Regency includes the island of Manipa and others to the west. Central Maluku Regency includes the middle of Seram and much of Ambon Island. East Seram Regency includes the Gorom and Watubela archipelagoes. People on the island work in many industries. They produce fish, sago, and copra. There is also oil production in the northeast near Bula. The Oseil oil field was discovered in 1993.

Religion and culture are also important parts of life on Seram. The island is traditionally associated with the Alifuru people. Today, most people are either Muslim or Christian. This is due to historical conversion and immigration. In the eastern part of the island, Manusela National Park was established in 1997. It covers 1,890 square kilometers, which is 11% of the island. This park helps protect the unique ecology of the region. The island's history and biology make it a very important part of the Maluku province.

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File:AMH-4719-NA The fort at Loki and Company troops in the interior.jpg
AMH-4719-NA The fort at Loki and Company...
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