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Breakdancing

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Breaking, often called b-boying or b-girling, is a dynamic style of street dance. It was developed by African American and Puerto Rican youth in the Bronx, New York. This dance form is deeply connected to the birth of hip-hop culture. Dancers move to rhythmic drum breaks found in funk, soul, and hip-hop music. While many people use the term "breakdancing," many practitioners prefer "breaking." They feel "breakdancing" was a term used by the media to commercialize their art.

A breaker uses four distinct categories of movement to perform. The first is toprock, which is dancing while standing up. This allows the dancer to establish rhythm and claim their space. Next, they transition to footwork, also known as downrock, which is performed on the floor.

Downrock
Downrock

Dancers then execute power moves, which are highly acrobatic and fast. These might include rotations on the hands and feet, such as Zulu Spins. Finally, a dancer may perform a freeze. A freeze is a sudden, controlled stop in a specific pose.

A breakdancer performing in Cologne, 2017 (2 of 2)
A breakdancer performing in Cologne, 2017 (2 of 2)

The roots of breaking involve many different cultural influences. Some elements come from West African dances like the Juba. This introduced the cipher, a circle where dancers take turns in the center.

R16 cypher
R16 cypher

Breaking also shares connections with tap dance and jazz. Early breakers like The Legendary Twins cited jazz figures as inspiration. Even the music and movements of James Brown served as a model for pride and individuality. Some acrobatic moves also show connections to gymnastics or Kung Fu films.

Street Acrobats in DC - 2013-06-07 - 02
Street Acrobats in DC - 2013-06-07 - 02

Clive "Kool Herc" Campbell was a central figure in the early development of the dance. He is credited with bringing breaking from underground parties into the public eye. On August 11, 1973, his sister Cindy Campbell hosted a party in the Bronx.

This event is often called the birthplace of hip-hop. Herc noticed dancers waited for percussive drum breaks to perform their best moves. To help them, he played these drum breaks back to back. This innovation extended the energy of the dance for the crowd.

As the dance grew, it moved from the Bronx to the rest of the world. In the late 1970s, the dance spread to Latino communities. This era saw the rise of famous groups like the Rock Steady Crew. The crew included both African American and Latino members. They helped the dance gain massive attention through news reports and movies. In 1982, their appearance in the film Flashdance helped the style reach a global audience.

Break Dancer
Break Dancer

Breaking has experienced cycles of popularity and quiet periods. After a peak in the early 1980s, it was often seen as a passing fad. However, the dance continued to grow internationally in places like Japan and Germany. In 1991, the first international competition, Battle of the Year, was held in Hanover, Germany.

Break-dancing competition, Riga, Latvia (1986)
Break-dancing competition, Riga, Latvia (1986)

This helped create a global network of dancers. They shared knowledge through VHS tapes and international travel. This renewed energy helped the dance reach new heights by the late 1990s.

Today, breaking is recognized as a major international competitive activity. It has moved from street corners to the world's largest athletic stages. On December 7, 2020, the International Olympic Committee made a historic decision. They decided that breaking would become an Olympic sport. This allowed breaking to be featured at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

Ottawa youth breakdance during Canada 150 celebrations
Ottawa youth breakdance during Canada 150 celebrations

This transition shows how a local street dance became a global phenomenon.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
The guys break dancing in the street near...
File:A_breakdancer_performing_in_Cologne,_2017_(2_of_2).jpg
A_breakdancer_performing_in_Cologne,_2017_...
File:Downrock.jpg
Downrock.jpg
File:Break Dancer.jpg
Break Dancer.jpg
File:Ottawa_youth_breakdance_during_Canada_150_celebrations.jpg
Ottawa_youth_breakdance_during_Canada_150_...
File:Break-dancing competition, Riga, Latvia (1986).jpg
Break-dancing competition, Riga, Latvia (1986).jpg
Bboy.ogv
File:Breakdancer vilay.jpg
Breakdancer vilay.jpg
File:Street Acrobats in DC - 2013-06-07 - 02.JPG
Street Acrobats in DC - 2013-06-07 - 02.JPG
File:R16 cypher.jpg
R16 cypher.jpg
File:CCJ - Breakdance 1.jpg
CCJ - Breakdance 1.jpg
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