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Braid

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A braid, also known as a plait, is a complex structure formed by interlacing three or more strands. These strands can be made of flexible materials like textile yarns, hair, or metal wire.

Braid final rot
Braid final rot

Most commonly, a braid is a flat and solid structure using three strands. However, people can use many more strands to create diverse patterns. These include the fishtail braid, the five-stranded braid, the French braid, and the waterfall braid. Each individual strand zigzags forward through an overlapping mass of the other strands. This process creates a long and narrow structure. Braiding is different from weaving, which uses two perpendicular groups of strands called warp and weft.

Braid StepBystep
Braid StepBystep

The mechanism of braiding relies on the continuous interlacing of flexible components. As each strand moves, it passes over and under the other strands in a specific sequence. This creates a composite structure that is often thicker than the original individual strands. In some cases, a specific type called a Brunnian braid occurs. In a Brunnian braid, removing just one single strand causes the entire structure to unlink. This happens because the strands are interlaced rather than twisted around each other. This mechanical property makes braiding useful for both decorative art and heavy-duty industrial applications.

Braiding has been practiced by humans for many thousands of years. The oldest known reproduction of hair braiding may date back about 30,000 years. The Venus of Willendorf is a female figurine from modern-day Austria, estimated to be from 28,000 to 25,000 BC. It may represent an early form of braiding. Another example is the Venus of Brassempouy from France, which is about 25,000 years old. These artifacts show that braiding is polygenetic, meaning it did not start in just one single place. Many different cultures developed braiding independently. Historical records from 1279–1213 BCE in the story of Isis also mention braiding hair.

Throughout history, different cultures have used local materials to create braids. In South America, people used fine fibers from alpaca and llama wool. In North America, bison fibers were common. In China, Korea, and Japan, silk remains a primary material for braiding. In rural Australia, a tradition of plaiting kangaroo leather is still practiced. This leather plaiting is used to make items like belts, hatbands, and bullwhips. Many people also use vegetable fibers like grass, hemp, or nettle. For nomadic groups, braiding was a practical way to make both decorative and useful textiles.

Braiding is often a social art that fosters community bonds. Because the process takes significant time, people use it as an opportunity to socialize. This tradition often begins with elders making simple knots for young children. Older children then watch and learn the complex designs from their elders. They eventually practice these skills on younger children. This cycle helps pass down traditional designs and strengthens the connection between generations. Braiding has served many purposes, from decorating swords and bowls to making slings or even securing tea supplies in Japan.

Industrialization changed how braids are produced and used. During the Industrial Revolution, mechanized braiding equipment was invented to increase production speeds. This allowed for the creation of complex industrial products. For example, braiding is used to make ropes from synthetic fibers. It is also used to create coaxial cables for radios using copper wire. In modern aviation, braids made of stainless steel or Kevlar cover fuel pipes in jet aircraft. In homes, stainless steel braid is often used to cover plumbing hoses. These industrial braids provide essential durability and protection.

Braided Stream FairbanksTananaRiver
Braided Stream FairbanksTananaRiver

Braiding is also a vital concept in science and engineering. In electrical work, a tubular metal braid acts as a shield around a central cable. This shield protects against electromagnetic interference. Engineers also use Litz wire, which uses braids of thin insulated wires, to carry high-frequency signals. In nature, the term is used to describe certain river systems. Braided streams occur when small channels join and redivide across an alluvial fan. This happens due to heavy sediment deposition during high flows followed by erosion during low flows. The term is even used as a metaphor for combining different ideas into a single whole.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Braid final rot.jpg
Braid final rot.jpg
File:Mädchen_die_Haare_flechtend_1887.jpg
Mädchen_die_Haare_flechtend_1887.jpg
File:Braid StepBystep.jpg
Braid StepBystep.jpg
File:Braided Stream FairbanksTananaRiver.jpg
Braided Stream FairbanksTananaRiver.jpg
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