Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Big-game hunting

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Big-game hunting is the practice of hunting large animals.

Indians Hunting Buffalo in the Winter
Indians Hunting Buffalo in the Winter

People pursue these animals for several distinct purposes. Some hunt for meat to sustain themselves. Others hunt for trophies to display. Some seek commercially valuable animal by-products. These products include horns, antlers, tusks, bones, or fur. They may also seek body fat or special organs. The term is often linked to Africa's "Big Five." These animals are the lion, African elephant, Cape buffalo, African leopard, and African rhinoceros. In the Indian subcontinent, hunters seek the Indian rhinoceros and Bengal tiger.

There are several primary methods used to hunt big game. Stalking involves following an animal until a kill can be made.

Ernest Hemingway on Safari in Africa c1933
Ernest Hemingway on Safari in Africa c1933

Hunters must be stealthy during a stalk. They use camouflage to hide their appearance, scent, or sound. A stalk might last for several days. The ambush method involves waiting in a hidden spot. These spots are called blinds. Hunters use ground blinds, tree stands, or dugout blinds. They may also use cocking-cloths, which are stalking blinds. Driving is another method used to direct an animal's movement.

Le Tour du monde-07-p089
Le Tour du monde-07-p089

Hunters use agents like dogs or people to push animals. This can drive them toward a trap or a cliff. Vehicles can also be used to scout or assist in driving.

Hunters use a wide variety of tools and weapons. Firearms are by far the most common choice. Most hunters prefer long-barreled rifles. They often use large-caliber ammunition for effective and humane kills. Common types include .30-06 Springfield and .300 Winchester Magnum. The science of ballistics helps improve these tools. Some hunters prefer using bows and arrows. They might use long bows, recurve bows, or compound bows. Arrows can be made of wood, fiberglass, or carbon fiber. Some hunters even use primitive weapons like spears or spear-throwers.

These older methods offer a greater challenge.

Big-game hunting is an ancient practice with a long history. It likely began with the emergence of Homo sapiens. Evidence shows that complex technological skills existed 300,000 years ago. The Schöningen spears provide proof of active big game hunting from that time. Early humans like H. heidelbergensis showed advanced cognitive skills. They could engage in anticipatory planning. Cave paintings suggest early humans hunted mammoths in groups. They used spears, large rocks, or drove animals off cliffs. Around 13,000 years ago, hunters in the Americas used special tools. These were called Clovis points in North America and Fishtail points in South America. These tools may have contributed to the extinction of large mammals there.

Many famous figures have been involved in big-game hunting. The practice rose in popularity during the Victorian Era. It reached its peak during the 20th century. Philip Percival was a famous guide for many notable people. He guided Theodore Roosevelt and Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway was both a famous hunter and a writer. Bror von Blixen-Finecke was another well-known hunter. He was the husband of the writer Isak Dinesen. Denys Finch Hatton was also a famous figure in this world. Many of these hunters were also dedicated conservationists.

Modern hunting is often tied to economic and conservation efforts. Hunting fees can provide significant funds for wildlife management. In Africa, these fees help pay for conservation. The Bubye Valley Conservancy in Zimbabwe uses fees to manage lion and rhino populations. In North America, the economic impact is very large. California estimated an impact of $263,702,757 in 2016. Wyoming estimated an impact of $224 million in 2015. However, hunting has also impacted wildlife populations. Elephant numbers dropped from 1.3 million in the 1970s to less than 500,000 today. Rhino numbers dropped from 500,000 at the start of the 20th century to 70,000 by 1970. Today, only about 29,000 rhinos remain in the wild. The white rhinoceros is a rare exception. Their numbers grew from 100 in 1916 to over 18,000 in 2016.

Ethics play a vital role in how people hunt today. Many hunters follow the concept of "fair chase." This idea seeks a balance between the hunter and the hunted. Organizations like the Boone and Crockett Club promote these ethics. Ethical hunting requires a clean and humane kill. Some thinkers argue that hunting returns humans to a natural context. Others focus on the importance of being mindful during the process. As resources become scarcer, the need for ethical behavior increases.

734 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Duke of Algeciras Leopard.jpg
Duke of Algeciras Leopard.jpg
File:Le Tour du monde-07-p089.jpg
Le Tour du monde-07-p089.jpg
File:Indians Hunting Buffalo in the Winter.jpg
Indians Hunting Buffalo in the Winter.jpg
File:Ernest Hemingway on Safari in Africa c1933.png
Ernest Hemingway on Safari in Africa c1933.png
File:The American Museum journal (c1900-(1918)) (17973692960).jpg
The American Museum journal...
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.