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Bushmeat

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Bushmeat refers to meat obtained from wild animals hunted for human consumption.

Gibier bord route
Gibier bord route

This practice is most common in parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. For many rural and impoverished communities, bushmeat is a vital resource. It serves as a primary source of animal protein and a way to earn cash. In the humid tropical forest regions of the world, it is central to local livelihoods. However, the trade has grown into a complex issue involving nutrition, conservation, and public health.

To understand the bushmeat trade, one must look at how animals are harvested and moved. Hunters often use leg-hold snare traps to catch various types of wildlife.

Pangolin du Cameroun 04
Pangolin du Cameroun 04

While many animals are caught, hunters often prefer larger species because they provide a greater amount of meat. The movement of this meat is frequently aided by logging infrastructure. Logging companies create roads and provide trucks that allow hunters to transport meat from remote forests to urban centers. In some areas, pastoralists also use livestock to help move bushmeat to markets.

Different regions show different patterns in the volume of meat extracted. In the Congo Basin, the trade is very large. Species weighing more than 10 kg contribute a significant amount of meat each year. Based on studies of 24 individuals, species weighing less than 10 kg also contribute to the total. In contrast, extraction in the Amazon rainforest is estimated to be much lower. In the Amazon, researchers based their estimates on only three individuals for both large and small species.

The history of the term shows its deep roots in African culture. "Bushmeat" was originally an African term for wildlife species hunted for food.

Cricetomys gambianus-Cameroun
Cricetomys gambianus-Cameroun

Over time, the scale of hunting changed from subsistence to a commercial threat. By 1994, hunting in West and Central Africa was considered unsustainable. By 2005, the commercial trade was recognized as a threat to biodiversity. In 2007, the term "bushmeat crisis" was coined to describe the dual threat of losing food resources and facing wildlife extinctions.

The impact on wildlife is immense and affects many different groups. Globally, more than 1,000 animal species are estimated to be affected by bushmeat hunting. As of 2016, 301 terrestrial mammal species were threatened with extinction.

Lemur poaching 001
Lemur poaching 001

This group includes 126 primates, 65 even-toed ungulates, 27 bats, 26 diprotodont marsupials, 21 rodents, and 12 carnivores. All pangolin species are also threatened. In Gabon, the populations of western gorillas and common chimpanzees declined by 56% between 1983 and 2002 due to commercial hunting.

While bushmeat provides nutrition, it also presents serious public health risks through zoonotic diseases. These are illnesses that jump from animals to humans.

Armillifer grandis
Armillifer grandis

The handling, butchering, and consumption of wild animals are linked to the transmission of diseases like Ebola and HIV. For instance, Ebola outbreaks in the 1990s were associated with the butchering of chimpanzees and bonobos. Research in Cameroon suggests that wild chimpanzees may act as a reservoir for HIV-1. The risk of transmitting bloodborne diseases is notably higher during the butchering of a carcass than during cooking.

Managing the bushmeat trade requires looking at many interconnected systems. For example, overfishing in places like Ghana has increased the demand for bushmeat. As international fishing fleets deplete fish stocks, local people turn to hunting animals in nature reserves to supplement their diets. To address these issues, experts suggest increasing access to affordable alternatives like chicken or farmed fish. They also recommend strengthening wildlife conservation laws and giving local communities more authority over their own wildlife resources.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Pangolin du Cameroun 04.jpg
Pangolin du Cameroun 04.jpg
File:Cricetomys gambianus-Cameroun.jpg
Cricetomys gambianus-Cameroun.jpg
File:Gibier bord route.jpg
Gibier bord route.jpg
File:Gorilla gorilla09.jpg
Gorilla gorilla09.jpg
File:Lemur poaching 001.jpg
Lemur poaching 001.jpg
File:Hunted Silky Sifakas.jpg
Hunted Silky Sifakas.jpg
Armillifer grandis.tif
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