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Hide (skin)

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A hide or skin is an animal skin that has undergone treatment for human use. In the leather industry, professionals use specific terms to categorize these materials based on size. Hides refer to the skins of large animals, such as buffalo or cattle. In contrast, skins refer to those from smaller animals like sheep, goats, pigs, or fish.

Tanned leather
Tanned leather

These materials are essential for a vast range of products. They are used to create fashion accessories like belts and bags, as well as footwear and clothing. Beyond fashion, leather serves functional purposes in car upholstery, interior decorating, and horse tack or harnesses.

To transform a raw skin into a usable material, it must undergo a chemical or physical process. Most hides are processed while they are fresh or salted. This is followed by tanning, which is a process using various tannins to stabilize the skin.

Finishgradingleather
Finishgradingleather

In some instances, skins are stretched and dried before the tanning begins. While many hides come from domesticated livestock, some furs are harvested from animals raised in captivity, such as mink or rabbits. Other furs, including those from wolves or lynx, are still obtained by trapping animals in the wild.

History shows that animal skins have been vital to human survival for millennia. Archaeologists suggest that prehistoric humans relied on hides for both clothing and shelter. This importance continues in many traditional cultures today. For example, the Inuit use animal hides to construct kayaks, waterproof clothing, and summer tents. In North America, various American Indian tribes have used hides to build wigwams and tepees, or to make moccasins and buckskins. Even in medieval Europe, hides were used to defend wooden castles from fire during sieges.

Throughout history, skins and furs have also served as significant economic goods and status symbols. In the Iron Age, parchment and vellum—a type of paper made from processed skins—reached the Eastern Mediterranean, possibly at Pergamon. During the English Middle Ages, the Assize of Weights and Measures listed rawhide, gloves, and vellum as major commercial items. Trade was highly organized into specific quantities. A standardized shipload of leather, known as a last, consisted of 20 dicker of 10 cowhides each. Rabbit and squirrel skins were traded in timbers of 40 hides. Gloves were sold in dickers of 10 pairs, while dozens consisted of 12 pairs.

High demand for specific materials has even shaped the map of the world. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the desire for beaver hats drove much of the early exploration and colonization of North America, especially in Canada. Such high demand for fur led to the over-hunting of species like the sea otter and caused wars between native tribes competing for productive areas. Furs also signaled social rank. European nobility often wore ermine fur, featuring black-tipped tails arranged to create a pattern of black diamonds on white robes.

Skins also play a crucial role in the world of music and specialized tools. Many traditional instruments rely on natural skins for their sound. The Chinese sanxian and Okinawan sanshin use snakeskin, while the Japanese shamisen uses dogskin for students and catskin for professionals. The African-American banjo was originally constructed using skins, though many are now synthetic.

Finishgradingleather
Finishgradingleather

In some musical circles, the slang term "hides" is used to refer to a drumset. Other specialized uses include kangaroo leather for bullwhips and stingray rawhide for the grips of Scottish, Japanese, or Chinese swords.

Today, the use of animal products remains a subject of significant debate. Animal rights activists frequently protest the use of hides and furs for clothing. These protests range from organized campaigns like PETA's "I would rather go naked than wear fur" to more direct actions. Some activists have used red paint to imitate blood on furs, while others have engaged in roadblocking or break-ins against the leather and fur industries. While natural leather remains a choice for luxury items like limousine upholstery, many people now opt for artificial leather and fur as cheaper alternatives.

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