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Bazaar

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A bazaar is a complex marketplace made of many small shops and stalls.

Turkey (68742801)
Turkey (68742801)

These markets are common in the Middle East, the Balkans, Central Asia, North Africa, and South Asia. In the Arabic-speaking world, these markets are called souks. The term bazaar comes from the Persian word bāzār. This word refers to a town's public market district. People who work in these markets include merchants, bankers, and craftsmen. Collectively, these workers are known as bazaari. Bazaars are more than just places to shop. They act as the beating heart of social and economic life in many cities.

Bazaars follow specific architectural patterns and organizational methods. They are traditionally located in vaulted or covered streets. These streets often have doors at each end to control access. Many bazaars include courtyard buildings called caravanserais. These structures provided rest and refreshment for traveling caravans.

Morocco Fes Camel
Morocco Fes Camel

In many cities, the bazaar grows around an open-air plaza. This plaza serves as a forum for social activity. Often, the most expensive goods are sold near the city's central Friday mosque. To buy items, shoppers often use bargaining to agree on a price.

The history of these markets stretches back thousands of years. While archaeological evidence is limited, records show trade districts in Iran around 3000 BCE.

Ancient Mesopotamian cities also had market districts. In Achaemenid Persia, between 550 and 330 BCE, crafts were sold in markets near Persepolis. Bazaars also formed along ancient caravan trade routes. These networks linked major cities together. They allowed for the exchange of goods, culture, and information. In ancient Greece, trade was regulated in central city areas using stoa buildings.

During the Islamic period, the organization of markets changed significantly. Traditional narratives say Muhammad established a marketplace in Medina in 622 CE. He initially forbade permanent buildings or taxes in that open space. Later, a market inspector was appointed to oversee weights and measures.

Over time, leaders like the Umayyad caliphs began building permanent structures. They also started collecting taxes in these markets. In many cities, the main bazaar grew along one important street and then branched into side streets.

Bazaars also played a vital role in urban development. In Sassanid Iran, the bazaar was the heart of the town. It spread outwards and shaped the surrounding neighborhoods. By the 10th century, the bazaar became a major financial center. Ruling elites often helped develop these districts. In the Ottoman Empire, sultans and royal family members sponsored many commercial buildings.

Selimiye complex arasta DSCF5873
Selimiye complex arasta DSCF5873

The money from these buildings was often used to support religious complexes through a legal endowment called a waqf.

There are different types of markets that have existed throughout history. In pre-Islamic Arabia, some souks were permanent urban markets. Others were temporary seasonal markets held at specific times of the year. For example, Suq Hijr in Bahrain was known for dates. Suq 'Adan was famous for spices and perfumes.

Souk Al Milh, Sana, Yemen (4324865585)
Souk Al Milh, Sana, Yemen (4324865585)

In modern Israel, the term shuk is used for markets like Mahane Yehuda.

Mahane Yehuda (I) (45298221191)
Mahane Yehuda (I) (45298221191)

These markets sell produce, spices, and clothing.

Today, bazaars remain essential to daily life and tourism. Many are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites due to their history.

Mozaffariyeh, Bazzar of Tabriz in Iran
Mozaffariyeh, Bazzar of Tabriz in Iran

The Al-Madina Souk in Aleppo is the largest covered historic market in the world. It is approximately 13 kilometers long. Other famous sites include the Medina of Fez in Morocco and the Bazaar of Tabriz in Iran. These locations serve as important cultural symbols and major tourist attractions.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Turkey (68742801).jpeg
Turkey (68742801).jpeg
File:Sanandaj Bazaar.jpg
Sanandaj Bazaar.jpg
File:PS-Amman 6501.JPG
PS-Amman 6501.JPG
File:Mahane Yehuda (I) (45298221191).jpg
Mahane Yehuda (I) (45298221191).jpg
File:خان مرجان.jpg
خان مرجان.jpg
File:Al-Hamidiyeh souq, Damascus, Syria - 2.jpg
Al-Hamidiyeh souq, Damascus, Syria - 2.jpg
File:Old Bazaar of Prishtina 7.jpg
Old Bazaar of Prishtina 7.jpg
File:Morocco Fes Camel.jpg
Morocco Fes Camel.jpg
File:Sebah, Pascal (1823-1886) - Khan el-Khalili, Cairo - ca. 1880s.JPG
Sebah, Pascal (1823-1886) - Khan...
File:Mozaffariyeh, Bazzar of Tabriz in Iran.jpg
Mozaffariyeh, Bazzar of Tabriz in Iran.jpg
File:Selimiye complex arasta DSCF5873.jpg
Selimiye complex arasta DSCF5873.jpg
File:Souk Al Milh, Sana, Yemen (4324865585).jpg
Souk Al Milh, Sana, Yemen (4324865585).jpg
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