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Barbary sheep

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The Barbary sheep, scientifically known as Ammotragus lervia, is a unique species of caprine.

barbary.sheep.750pix
barbary.sheep.750pix

This animal is also frequently called the aoudad. It belongs to its own specific genus, Ammotragus. Some scientists categorize this genus within the larger goat genus, Capra. These animals are native to the rocky mountains of North Africa. They play a vital role in the ecosystems of these arid regions. Understanding them helps us learn how animals adapt to harsh environments.

Physically, the Barbary sheep is built for life on steep cliffs. They stand tall at the shoulder and have a sandy-brown coat. This coloration often darkens as the animal gets older. They have a lighter underbelly and a dark line along their back. Their legs and upper bodies are a uniform reddish or grayish-brown. A sparse mane and shaggy hair on the throat are common.

Ammotragus lervia, ZOO Praha 121
Ammotragus lervia, ZOO Praha 121

Their most striking feature is their horns. These horns have a triangular cross-section. They curve outward, then backward, and finally inward. These horns can grow to be quite long and show wrinkles at the base as the sheep matures.

These sheep have a very specific way of managing their energy and water. They are crepuscular animals. This means they are most active during the early morning and late afternoon. They spend the hottest parts of the day resting to stay cool. To survive in dry areas, they graze on grasses, bushes, and lichens. Interestingly, they can obtain all their metabolic water directly from their food. If they do find liquid water, they will drink and wallow in it.

They are also incredibly agile. A Barbary sheep can achieve a standing jump of over 2 meters. When they sense danger, they typically flee by running uphill.

Taxonomy, the science of naming and classifying life, identifies six different subspecies. These subspecies are found allopatrically, meaning they live in different geographic areas. The main subspecies is A. l. lervia, which was described by Pallas in 1777. Other subspecies include A. l. ornata, A. l. sahariensis, A. l. blainei, A. l. angusi, and A. l. fassini. The Egyptian Barbary sheep, or A. l. ornata, was once thought to be extinct in the wild. However, researchers made new observations of them in the eastern desert of Egypt in 2002. This discovery changed what we knew about their survival.

The natural range of the aoudad surrounds the barren center of the Sahara Desert. They live in countries like Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. They can be found in Sudan west of the Nile and in the Red Sea Hills east of the Nile. In their native land, populations have been decreasing. This decline is caused by hunting and the destruction of their natural habitats. They also face competition from domestic animals that overgraze the land.

barbary.sheep.750pix
barbary.sheep.750pix

Historically, they faced predators like the Barbary leopard, Barbary lion, and caracal.

Humans have introduced Barbary sheep to many other parts of the world. In the winter of 1957-1958, 42 sheep were released in the Palo Duro Canyon of Texas. This was done to attract hunters to the region. In 1970, they were introduced to Sierra Espuña Regional Park in southeastern Spain. Because they are so adaptable, they have spread quickly through provinces like Alicante, Almería, Granada, and Murcia. They have also been introduced to Croatia and the Canary Islands. In the Canary Islands, they are considered a serious threat to endemic vegetation. In Australia, they are considered a potential pest species in Queensland.

The name of this animal tells a story about its appearance and history. The binomial name Ammotragus lervia comes from Greek. The word "ammos" means sand, which refers to their sandy coat. The word "tragos" means goat. The name "lervia" comes from the word "lerwee." This was a term used by Reverend T. Shaw to describe wild sheep in North Africa. In Spanish, they are called arruis, a name derived from the Berber word arrwis. These names connect the animal to the many cultures that have encountered them over centuries.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Barbary Sheep 2 (ca 1919-1940).jpg
Barbary Sheep 2 (ca 1919-1940).jpg
File:Ammotragus lervia, ZOO Praha 121.jpg
Ammotragus lervia, ZOO Praha 121.jpg
File:barbary.sheep.750pix.jpg
barbary.sheep.750pix.jpg
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