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Chamois

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The chamois, also known as the Alpine chamois, is a small species of goat-antelope.

012 Wild Chamois Riederalp Photo by Giles Laurent
012 Wild Chamois Riederalp Photo by Giles Laurent

These animals are native to the rugged, rocky mountains of Europe and Western Asia. They inhabit many ranges, including the Pyrenees, the Alps, and the Caucasus. Because they live in such difficult terrain, they have developed specialized bodies for mountain life. They are considered a bovid, which means they belong to the same biological group as cattle and goats. Today, some subspecies are strictly protected by the European Union under the Habitats Directive.

Physically, the chamois is quite small. A fully grown adult reaches a height of 70 to 90 centimeters.

013 Wild Baby Chamois Riederalp Photo by Giles Laurent
013 Wild Baby Chamois Riederalp Photo by Giles Laurent

Males are slightly larger than females. A male might weigh up to 35 kilograms, while females weigh around 25 kilograms. Both sexes possess short, straight horns that hook backward near the tips. The male's horns are typically thicker than the female's. Their fur changes with the seasons to help them blend in. In the summer, they have rich brown fur. In the winter, this turns to a light grey. They also have distinctive white marks on the sides of their heads and a white rump.

The social structure of chamois changes depending on the time of year. Female chamois and their young live together in herds of 15 to 30 individuals.

In contrast, adult males usually live alone for most of the year. This changes during the rut, which is the mating season. In Europe, the rut happens in late November or early December. During this time, males engage in fierce battles to win the attention of females. After mating, a female undergoes a gestation period of 170 days. She usually gives birth to a single kid in May or June. While twins are rare, they do occasionally occur.

Life for a young chamois involves moving through different social stages. Kids are weaned at six months and are fully grown by one year. However, they do not reach sexual maturity until they are three to four years old. At this stage, young males are often forced out of their mother's herd by dominant males. Sometimes these dominant males will even kill the young males. The young must then wander nomadically until they can establish themselves as mature breeders. This usually happens when they reach eight or nine years of age. In the wild, chamois live an average of 15 to 17 years, though they can live up to 22 years in captivity.

Chamois have a fascinating history of movement across the globe. While they are native to Europe and Asia, they were introduced to New Zealand.

This happened in 1907 as a gift from the Austrian Emperor, Franz Joseph I. He exchanged the chamois for specimens of rare birds, lizards, and ferns. A consignment of two bucks and six does arrived in Wellington on the ship SS Turakina. From there, they traveled by rail and a four-day horse trek to Mount Cook. Today, New Zealand chamois weigh about 20% less than their European relatives. This suggests that food supplies in New Zealand may be more limited.

The species is divided into seven distinct subspecies based on where they live.

Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica, Olympus
Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica, Olympus

For example, the Anatolian chamois lives in Turkey, while the Balkan chamois lives in places like Albania and Bulgaria. The Alpine chamois is found in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. There is also the Carpathian chamois in Romania and the Tatra chamois in Poland and Slovakia. Each subspecies is adapted to its specific mountain home. This variety shows how the species has spread across many different geographic regions.

Humans have a long history of interacting with the chamois. Historically, their main predators were animals like the Eurasian lynx and the gray wolf. Today, however, humans are the main predators. Chamois are popular game animals because their meat is considered tasty. Hunters often use the animal's habits to their advantage. For instance, chamois are most active in the morning and evening. They also tend to look for danger coming from below. This means a hunter stalking them from above is less likely to be seen.

Gamsbaerte 2194
Gamsbaerte 2194

Even the hair from their necks, called a gamsbart, is used to decorate hats in alpine countries.

Beyond hunting, the chamois has provided other materials for human use. Chamois leather is a very smooth and absorbent material. It has traditionally been made from the hides of the chamois. It is highly valued for cleaning and polishing because it does not scratch surfaces. While real chamois leather is still used, many modern versions are made from the hides of deer, goats, or sheep. There is even an artificial fabric called "chamois" made from materials like cotton flannel or viscose. This fabric is designed to have a plush surface similar to the original leather.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:012 Wild Chamois Riederalp Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
012 Wild Chamois Riederalp Photo by Giles...
File:013 Wild Baby Chamois Riederalp Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
013 Wild Baby Chamois Riederalp Photo by...
File:009 Wild Alpine Chamois Family Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
009 Wild Alpine Chamois Family Photo by...
File:Rupicapra rupicapra - Jahňaci štít.jpg
Rupicapra rupicapra - Jahňaci štít.jpg
File:Следа на дива коза (Rupicapra rupicapra).jpg
Следа на дива коза (Rupicapra rupicapra).jpg
File:Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica, Olympus.jpg
Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica, Olympus.jpg
File:Rupicapra rupicapra (43012255230).jpg
Rupicapra rupicapra (43012255230).jpg
File:Kamzík.jpg
Kamzík.jpg
File:Nízké Tatry, Dereše (5).JPG
Nízké Tatry, Dereše (5).JPG
File:Gamsbaerte 2194.jpg
Gamsbaerte 2194.jpg
File:Chamois-natural.jpg
Chamois-natural.jpg
File:Gemse01.JPG
Gemse01.JPG

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