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Banjul

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Banjul is the capital city of The Gambia.

Banjul districts
Banjul districts

It serves as the nation's primary administrative and economic center. The city is located on St. Mary's Island, which is also known as Banjul Island. This island sits within the Gambia River. The river flows directly into the Atlantic Ocean. Because it is on an island, the city is connected to the mainland by bridges. Ferries also provide transport across the river to places like Barra.

There are several theories regarding the origin of the name 'Banjul.' One traditional history involves a man named Bandjougou. He was the son of Barafin and fled the Manding region to escape attacks by Soumaoro Kante. His name may have eventually changed to 'Bandjoulou' and then to Banjul. Another theory suggests a link to the Mandinka language. The word 'Bang julo' refers to rope fibre. The Mandinka people used to gather this fibre on the island.

1824 Bathurst Sketch
1824 Bathurst Sketch

The history of the city includes many different colonial influences. In 1651, the Duke of Courland and Semigallia leased the area from the King of Kombo. Later, on April 23, 1816, King Tumani Bojang ceded the island to Alexander Grant. Grant was a British commandant. He established a military garrison and a trading post. The British intended to control the entrance to the Gambia estuary. They also wanted to suppress the slave trade. The British renamed the island St. Mary's Island. They named the town Bathurst after the 3rd Earl Bathurst. This official was the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The town's streets were organized in a grid pattern. These streets were named after Allied generals from the Battle of Waterloo.

Senior Medical Officers' quarters in Bathurst, Gambia. Photo Wellcome V0029239
Senior Medical Officers' quarters in Bathurst, Gambia. Photo Wellcome V0029239

As the town grew, it became a diverse center for many different people. The population included Africans, Europeans, and Levantines from Syria and Lebanon. While many residents were Muslim, there was also a significant Christian minority. The Wolof people became a large group in the area. Their population grew from 829 in 1881 to 10,130 by 1944. Other major groups included the Mandinka, the Jola, and the Fula. The town became the capital of the Protectorate of the Gambia in 1889. During the 20th century, many people moved there for jobs. They worked at the docks or for the Public Works Department, which started in 1922. During World War II, the town served as an important naval and air hub. This caused the population to rise from 14,370 in 1931 to 21,154 in 1944. The name was officially changed from Bathurst to Banjul in 1973.

Banjul-Arch22-And-Statue-2007
Banjul-Arch22-And-Statue-2007

The climate in Banjul is tropical with wet and dry seasons. It is hot throughout the entire year. The dry season lasts from November to May. The wet season lasts for five months. During this time, the city experiences heavy rainfall. August is typically the month with the most rain. There are concerns regarding climate change and global warming. A government minister noted that rising sea levels could submerge the city by one metre. A 2019 study suggested that by the year 2050, the climate might resemble Bamako in Mali. This would involve an increase in annual temperature.

Banjul is a vital hub for the economy and transport. The city houses the Central Bank of the Gambia. The main industry is peanut processing. The port also ships beeswax, palm wood, palm oil, and animal hides. For travel, the city has the Banjul International Airport. It is also part of the Trans–West African Coastal Highway. This highway connects the city to Dakar and Bissau. The project aims to eventually link eleven nations in the ECOWAS group. Within the city, people can visit the Gambian National Museum or the Albert Market.

Banjul-Arch22-And-Statue-2007
Banjul-Arch22-And-Statue-2007

In 1994, the city experienced a political shift. On July 22, a bloodless military coup d'état occurred. President Sir Dawda Jawara was overthrown. He was replaced by Yahya Jammeh. To mark this event, Arch 22 was built. This is a 35-metre tall entrance portal located in an open square. The structure currently houses a textile museum. The city also supports various levels of education. This includes the University of The Gambia, founded in 1999, and several international schools. The city remains a center for culture, religion, and sport.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:1824 Bathurst Sketch.png
1824 Bathurst Sketch.png
File:Senior Medical Officers' quarters in Bathurst, Gambia. Photo Wellcome V0029239.jpg
Senior Medical Officers' quarters in...
File:Banjul-Arch22-And-Statue-2007.jpg
Banjul-Arch22-And-Statue-2007.jpg
File:Banjul districts.png
Banjul districts.png
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