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Autumn

earth science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Autumn is a special time on Earth. It is one of the four temperate seasons.

Kalevanpuisto syyskuussa 2
Kalevanpuisto syyskuussa 2

This season marks the move from summer to winter. In the Northern Hemisphere, it begins in September. In the Southern Hemisphere, it starts in March.

Vermont 2016 Foliage (29529310564)
Vermont 2016 Foliage (29529310564)

As the season moves along, the days get shorter. The nights get longer too. This continues until the winter solstice in December or June. The temperature also cools down quite a bit.

Józef Chełmoński - Jesień 1875
Józef Chełmoński - Jesień 1875

Nature changes in many ways during this season. One big change happens to deciduous trees. These are trees that shed their leaves every year. As the air gets colder, the leaves change to bright colors. This is a striking sight in many places.

Vermont 2016 Foliage (29529310564)
Vermont 2016 Foliage (29529310564)

After they change color, the leaves eventually fall to the ground. This is how the trees prepare for the winter ahead. The cooling weather tells the trees it is time to rest. This cycle happens every single year.

People have used different names for this season for a long time. The word autumn comes from the Latin word "autumnus." It may also come from an ancient Etruscan root.

Józef Chełmoński - Jesień 1875
Józef Chełmoński - Jesień 1875

In the past, people often called this time the harvest. As people moved to towns, the word autumn became more common. Some people call the season "fall." This name comes from the phrase "fall of the leaf." It traces back to old Germanic languages. It became common in England during the 16th century.

Different cultures have many ways to define the dates of autumn. In the United States, some people think autumn starts on Labor Day. This is the first Monday in September.

Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051)
Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051)

Meteorologists use months to define the season. In the north, they use September, October, and November. In the south, they use March, April, and May. In Ireland, the national weather service uses those same northern months. However, the Irish Calendar uses August, September, and October. An ancient scholar named Marcus Terentius Varro had his own dates too.

Autumn is often linked to many famous holidays and activities. Many cultures hold harvest festivals to celebrate ripe food.

Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051)
Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051)

In the United States and Canada, people celebrate Thanksgiving. The Jewish holiday Sukkot is also a harvest festival. Halloween is celebrated on October 31 in the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, people often eat pumpkins and apples during this time. You might even drink apple cider. Many sports also happen in the autumn. For example, American football is played almost exclusively during these months.

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File:Józef Chełmoński - Jesień 1875.jpg
Józef Chełmoński - Jesień 1875.jpg
File:Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051).jpg
Greenwich Village Halloween Parade...
File:Kalevanpuisto syyskuussa 2.jpg
Kalevanpuisto syyskuussa 2.jpg
File:Vermont 2016 Foliage (29529310564).jpg
Vermont 2016 Foliage (29529310564).jpg
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