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Athens

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Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece.

Athens and Mount Lycabettus from the Areopagus on July 22, 2019
Athens and Mount Lycabettus from the Areopagus on July 22, 2019

It sits within the Attica region near the Mediterranean coast. The city serves as a vital hub for economic, financial, and political life in Greece. The broader urban area has a population of over 3.6 million people.

This makes it the eighth-largest urban area in the European Union. The city is a major global center in Southeast Europe. It includes the port of Piraeus, which is the thirteenth-largest container port in the world.

Athens Metropolitan Region
Athens Metropolitan Region

Athens is one of the oldest cities on Earth. Its recorded history spans more than 3,400 years. Evidence of human presence dates back to the 11th to 7th millennia BC.

View of the Ancient Agora of Athens from Apostolou Pavlou Pedestrian Street on February 16, 2021
View of the Ancient Agora of Athens from Apostolou Pavlou Pedestrian Street on February 16, 2021

According to Greek mythology, the city was named after Athena, the goddess of wisdom. Legend says she competed against Poseidon, the god of the sea, for patronage. Poseidon offered a salt water spring or a horse. Athena offered the first domesticated olive tree. King Cecrops judged the contest and chose Athena's gift. This made her the patron goddess of the city.

In ancient times, Athens was a powerful city-state. It was a center for Hellenistic democracy, arts, and philosophy. This era is often called the cradle of Western civilization.

Map athenian empire 431 BC-no
Map athenian empire 431 BC-no

During the Golden Age, leaders like Pericles promoted the arts. This period saw the rise of great thinkers like Socrates and Plato. It also saw the work of historians like Herodotus. The city built massive structures during this time. The most famous is the Parthenon on the Acropolis.

The Parthenon in Athens
The Parthenon in Athens

The city has moved through several major historical stages. It was once a major center for the Mycenaean civilization. By 1400 BC, the Acropolis served as a major fortress. Later, Athens became a significant naval power. It led the Delian League to fight the Persians. However, tensions led to the Peloponnesian War against Sparta. This war ended in an Athenian defeat. After this, the kingdom of Macedon became dominant in the region.

Acropolis Frankish tower
Acropolis Frankish tower

Athens later became part of the Roman Empire. The emperor Hadrian was an Athenian citizen. He ordered the construction of many public buildings. The city also experienced the rise of the Byzantine Empire. During this time, the empire became Christianized. Many ancient pagan temples were converted into churches. For example, the Parthenon became a church. The city also lived under Ottoman rule for a time.

At the Byzantine Monastery of Daphni on October 31, 2019
At the Byzantine Monastery of Daphni on October 31, 2019

Today, Athens is a large, cosmopolitan metropolis. It is recognized as a "Beta (+)" status global city. This means it is a major center for global trade and finance. The city is also famous for its Olympic history. Athens hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. It also hosted the Summer Olympics in 2004.

Olympic flame at opening ceremony
Olympic flame at opening ceremony

This makes it one of only five cities to host the Summer Olympics twice. The city remains a center for tourism and culture.

Cultural heritage is visible throughout the modern streets. Athens contains two UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These are the Acropolis of Athens and the Daphni Monastery.

At the Byzantine Monastery of Daphni on October 31, 2019
At the Byzantine Monastery of Daphni on October 31, 2019

The city is home to many important museums. The National Archeological Museum holds the world's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities. Other sites include the Acropolis Museum and the Benaki Museum.

Monastiraki Square and the Acropolis in Summer
Monastiraki Square and the Acropolis in Summer

These institutions connect the ancient past to the modern world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (47)
File:Map athenian empire 431 BC-no.svg
Map athenian empire 431 BC-no.svg
File:The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg
The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg
File:At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_October_31,_2019.jpg
At_the_Byzantine_Monastery_of_Daphni_on_Oc...
File:Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg
Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg
File:Monastiraki Square in Athens (30996716898).jpg
Monastiraki Square in Athens (30996716898).jpg
File:Peytier - Mosque in the Parthenon.jpg
Peytier - Mosque in the Parthenon.jpg
File:Peter von Hess - The Entry of King Othon of Greece in Athens - WGA11387.jpg
Peter von Hess - The Entry of King Othon...
File:Olympic flame at opening ceremony.jpg
Olympic flame at opening ceremony.jpg
File:Athens,_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg
Athens,_Greece_ESA24382014.jpeg
File:Smog Athens.jpg
Smog Athens.jpg
File:Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg
Pedion_Areos08_25_05_623000.jpeg
File:20140410 60 Athens National Gardens (13824726745).jpg
20140410 60 Athens National Gardens...

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