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Aruba

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Aruba is a sunny island country in the southern Caribbean Sea.

Mapa-de-las-Antillas-(1500)
Mapa-de-las-Antillas-(1500)

It sits north of the Paraguaná peninsula in Venezuela. It is also northwest of the island of Curaçao. Aruba is part of a group known as the ABC islands. This group includes Bonaire, Curaçao, and Aruba.

Aruba Regions
Aruba Regions

The island is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. This means its citizens share Dutch nationality. Aruba is a constituent country within that kingdom. The capital city of the island is Oranjestad.

Plaza Daniel Leo, Oranjestad, Aruba - February 2020
Plaza Daniel Leo, Oranjestad, Aruba - February 2020

The land on Aruba feels very different from other Caribbean islands. Most nearby places have a humid and wet tropical climate. However, Aruba has a dry and arid landscape.

Arikok NP
Arikok NP

The weather stays relatively warm and sunny all year long. You might see rolling hills covered in cacti.

Arikok National Park - Aruba
Arikok National Park - Aruba

The island sits on the South American continental shelf. This makes it part of the South American geological area. The map shows how the island sits in the sea.

Geological map of Aruba
Geological map of Aruba

Long ago, different groups of people lived on the island. The first people were part of the Archaic or Pre-Ceramic period. They did not use pottery or farming. Instead, they focused on fishing, hunting, and gathering. They used stone to make tools like axes and knives.

NL-HaNA 4.JBF 206
NL-HaNA 4.JBF 206

Some of these stone tools were found at a site called Arikok. Around 950 AD, the Caquetío people arrived on the island. They were part of the Arawak people. They brought new ways of living, such as agriculture and pottery.

Aruban-pot-AKw-541
Aruban-pot-AKw-541

The Caquetío people had a very organized way of life. They lived in villages and belonged to a large group called a chiefdom. A spiritual leader called a diao held power. This leader could have both religious and political authority.

Aruban-pot-AKw-541
Aruban-pot-AKw-541

The Caquetío also traded goods with other people. They traded items like salt, tobacco, and beads. They even used large clay pots for burials. Some people were buried inside these large conical pots.

Aruban-pot-AKw-541
Aruban-pot-AKw-541

Aruba has seen many changes over the centuries. In the 16th century, the Spanish used the name Isla de Oruba. Later, the island was given to the Dutch. The name eventually changed to Aruba. People once thought the island had no mineral wealth. However, a 12-year-old boy named Willem Rasmijn found gold in 1824.

Aruba, Maralamar. Mina principal de la Aruba Gold Concession Ld
Aruba, Maralamar. Mina principal de la Aruba Gold Concession Ld

This discovery led to the Aruban Gold Rush. Today, about 108,880 people call Aruba home.

Parliament of Aruba
Parliament of Aruba
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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
Aruba Dushi Tera instrumental.ogg
United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus...
File:NL-HaNA 4.JBF 206.jpg
NL-HaNA 4.JBF 206.jpg
File:Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg
Aruban-pot-AKw-541.jpg
File:Mapa-de-las-Antillas-(1500).jpg
Mapa-de-las-Antillas-(1500).jpg
File:Arikok National Park - Aruba.jpg
Arikok National Park - Aruba.jpg
File:Aruba, Maralamar. Mina principal de la Aruba Gold Concession Ld.png
Aruba, Maralamar. Mina principal de la...
File:BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg
BNA-DIG-HARTOG-CAHA-001-014-014.jpg
File:Prinses Beatrix op bezoek op Aruba Aankomst bij bestuurskantoor voor aubade, Bestanddeelnr 909-3484.jpg
Prinses Beatrix op bezoek op Aruba...
File:Betico Croes 1982cr.jpg
Betico Croes 1982cr.jpg
File:Geological map of Aruba.jpg
Geological map of Aruba.jpg
File:Aruba Regions.jpg
Aruba Regions.jpg

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