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Art world

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The art world is a vast network of people involved in fine art. This network includes those who produce, commission, and present art. It also includes people who preserve, promote, chronicle, and criticize it. Others in this sphere work to buy and sell these works. While some use the singular term "art world," it often refers to an elite global level. In reality, there are many art worlds defined by location or specific types of art. These networks are constantly changing due to new creativity and social shifts.

Sociologists study how these groups function through shared rules. Howard S. Becker describes the art world as a network of people. These people use cooperative activity and joint knowledge of conventions to produce art. This means they follow understood social norms and roles to work together. Sociologist Sarah Thornton describes it as a loose network of overlapping subcultures. These subcultures are held together by a shared belief in art. They span the globe but often cluster in major capitals like New York City, London, Los Angeles, and Berlin.

Microcosm of London Plate 006 - Auction Room, Christie's
Microcosm of London Plate 006 - Auction Room, Christie's

Production is the first major stage in the art world. Historically, art was made in workshops with a master and apprentices. Today, many contemporary artists use a similar group practice. They may establish studio workshops or even "factories" to create works. Some pieces are so monumental in scale that they require industrial methods. To maintain authenticity, the artist must supervise the process closely. They often give final approval by signing the finished piece. Most artists begin their professional journey by attending art school. Many earn a Master of Fine Arts, or MFA, to build their reputation.

Once art is made, it must be distributed through various systems. This process ensures the economic sustainability of artistic production. Intermediaries often act as the bridge between creators and buyers. Art dealers serve as these intermediaries for collectors and institutions. Most dealers own or operate professional art galleries. These galleries host public exhibitions and opening celebrations. These events serve both marketing and social functions for the community. The international art fair has also become a major marketing force. These fairs are essentially temporary galleries that spark competition among collectors.

Several specific types of art events define the global market. Art Basel is one of the most successful examples of an art fair. It originated in Switzerland in the 1970s. It later expanded to Miami in 2000 and Hong Kong in 2010. This fair built upon the model of Art Cologne, the first commercial gallery fair. In contrast, the Venice Biennale is a public foundation. It was founded in 1895 and features national pavilions. Another important method of distribution is the auction. Auctions grew from the difficulty of pricing rare and unique objects.

Evaluation is a critical part of how art is understood. Art critics and philosophers use theory to define what is artistic. In 1964, Arthur Danto argued that artistic theory makes art possible. He suggested that contemporary art only has meaning through art-world discourse. Without theory, viewers might struggle to see the meaning in abstract art. This is because abstract art lacks the narrative meaning found in realistic art. Tom Wolfe also noted that theory helps viewers see modern works. Earlier, "imitation theories" judged art by how well it represented nature. This failed to account for formalism, which uses form and color to express emotion.

Institutional theories also play a role in how art is recognized. George Dickie developed an institutional theory of art. He defined an artwork as an artifact that has a certain status. This status is conferred by people acting for a social institution. This means the "art world" itself helps decide what counts as art. This process is not static or fixed in one place. There is no longer a single center for the entire art world. Instead, it is a collection of independent multiplicities. As new works move from the "avant garde" into the mainstream, the definition of fine art continues to evolve.

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File:HK 灣仔北 Wan Chai North 香港會展 HKCEC 佳士得 拍賣 Christie's Auction 預展 preview May 2019 SSG 131.jpg
HK 灣仔北 Wan Chai North 香港會展 HKCEC 佳士得 拍賣...
File:Microcosm of London Plate 006 - Auction Room, Christie's.jpg
Microcosm of London Plate 006 - Auction...
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