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Arak, Iran

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Arak is a major city located in the Central District of Arak County. It serves as the capital for Arak County and the Markazi province in Iran.

National Garden Square - Arak - 1963
National Garden Square - Arak - 1963

The city is often called the "Industrial Capital of Iran." This title reflects its massive role in the nation's economy. Arak is situated approximately 260 km from Tehran. It sits near the cities of Qom and Isfahan. The geography is defined by mountains to the south, east, and west. The city rests at an average altitude of 1750 meters above sea level.

The climate in Arak is classified as a hot-summer mediterranean continental climate. This means the weather patterns change significantly throughout the year. Summers are characterized by very hot and dry conditions. In contrast, the winters are cold and often bring snow. Springtime is typically mild, while autumn brings cooler temperatures. The annual relative humidity in the region is about 47%. These seasonal shifts shape the lifestyle and agriculture of the area.

The city's origins date back to 1808. It was founded by Yusef Khan-e Gorji, a Georgian Muslim warlord. At that time, the city was known as Soltan Abad. The name is a Persian compound. "Soltan" refers to a noble title of power or authority. "Abad" means a settlement or an abode.

Bowl MET SLP1646-1
Bowl MET SLP1646-1

Yusef Khan-e Gorji established the settlement to act as a buffer. He used the territory to settle his army and manage hostile tribes. He even diverted a main river to help secure the area.

As a military site, Soltan Abad was heavily fortified. The fortress featured thick walls for protection. It was surrounded by moats that were 7 meters deep. Eight different towers were built around the town. A governmental building was also established in the northern part of the settlement. By 1891, many structures like shops and gardens were repaired. Over time, the military importance faded. By the period between 1918 and 1922, parts of the city were turned over to the state.

Industry is the most vital part of Arak today. The city manufactures 80% of the energy equipment used in Iran. Large factories like Machine Sazi Arak and the Iranian Aluminium Company are very important. These facilities produce nearly half of the country's needs for steel, petrochemicals, and locomotives.

Arak airport
Arak airport

In 1972, two major state-owned enterprises were established. One was an aluminum smelter built with help from the Central Treaty Organization. The other was a heavy engineering plant that used Soviet technical advice. This industrial growth transformed the city into a modern metropolis.

Transportation in Arak is well-developed to support its industry and people. The International Airport of Arak is located to the north. It opened in 1938 and is among the oldest airports in Iran.

Arak airport
Arak airport

The city is also a key station on the Trans-Iranian Railway. Plans are underway for a new high-speed rail project. This line would connect Qom and Arak. It is expected to be a double track passenger railway. The operational speed could reach 300 km/h. Currently, most local travel is done by bus.

Arak has a rich culture involving both industry and tradition. The city was once a major center for the carpet industry. It produced famous hand-knotted carpets known as Sarouk rugs.

Kashani Hall of Bazaar of Arak
Kashani Hall of Bazaar of Arak

Visitors can explore historical sites like the old bazaar or the Four Seasons Bathhouse.

4 Fasl Bathroom
4 Fasl Bathroom

The city also hosts several universities, such as Arak University.

Arakuni 69871
Arakuni 69871

With a population of over 520,000 people, Arak is a growing and essential part of Iran.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Bowl MET SLP1646-1.jpg
Bowl MET SLP1646-1.jpg
File:National Garden Square - Arak - 1963.jpg
National Garden Square - Arak - 1963.jpg
File:Arak airport.jpg
Arak airport.jpg
File:4 Fasl Bathroom.jpg
4 Fasl Bathroom.jpg
File:Imam Khomeini Seminary (3).jpg
Imam Khomeini Seminary (3).jpg
File:Kashani Hall of Bazaar of Arak.jpg
Kashani Hall of Bazaar of Arak.jpg
File:Arakuni 69871.jpg
Arakuni 69871.jpg
File:Morteza-Qoli Bayat.jpg
Morteza-Qoli Bayat.jpg
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