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Appalachia

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Appalachia is a large region in the east of North America. It sits within the Appalachian Mountains.

Maggie-tower-view-nc1
Maggie-tower-view-nc1

The mountains reach from Mount Carleton Provincial Park in Canada down to the south. They stretch through the Blue Ridge and Great Smoky Mountains. The region touches states like Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. West Virginia is unique because it is the only state entirely inside the boundaries.

1860-61 Secession in Appalachia by County
1860-61 Secession in Appalachia by County

Defining the exact edges of Appalachia is a hard job. The region does not have clear natural borders. Many people use the map from the Appalachian Regional Commission. This group was created in 1965 to help the area. Their definition includes 420 counties and eight cities across 13 states. It covers many places like Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina.

Map of counties included in the 1982 report of the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force
Map of counties included in the 1982 report of the Appalachian Land Ownership Task Force

People have lived in these mountains for a very long time. Hunter-gatherers arrived over 16,000 years ago. Early sites include the Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania. Later, Spanish explorers arrived in the 1500s. They met Native groups like the Cherokee and the Shawnee. Enslaved Africans were also brought to the region during Spanish expeditions.

Gutierrez-1562-detail-app1
Gutierrez-1562-detail-app1

In the 1700s, many new settlers moved into the hills. Many were Scotch-Irish people looking for cheap land. They moved through places like the Cumberland Gap.

George Caleb Bingham - Daniel Boone escorting settlers through the Cumberland Gap
George Caleb Bingham - Daniel Boone escorting settlers through the Cumberland Gap

Later, big companies started logging and coal mining. These jobs brought modern things to the region. However, many families still faced hard times and poverty.

West-virginia-mine-entrance1
West-virginia-mine-entrance1

The government stepped in to help the people. In the 1930s, the New Deal started new programs. One big group was the Tennessee Valley Authority, or TVA. The TVA built huge dams to make electricity.

Norris-tennessee-shack-tva1
Norris-tennessee-shack-tva1

These dams also helped with better farming and planning. In 1965, the Appalachian Regional Commission was also formed. It works to bring better health care and schools to the region. Today, about 26.3 million people call this place home.

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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:William-goodell-frost-1914.jpg
William-goodell-frost-1914.jpg
File:Gutierrez-1562-detail-app1.jpg
Gutierrez-1562-detail-app1.jpg
File:George Caleb Bingham - Daniel Boone escorting settlers through the Cumberland Gap.jpg
George Caleb Bingham - Daniel Boone...
File:Earnest-fort-house-tn1.jpg
Earnest-fort-house-tn1.jpg
File:1860-61 Secession in Appalachia by County.jpg
1860-61 Secession in Appalachia by County.jpg
File:West-virginia-mine-entrance1.jpg
West-virginia-mine-entrance1.jpg
File:HatfieldClan.jpg
HatfieldClan.jpg
File:FIRST SHIFT OF MINERS AT THE VIRGINIA-POCAHONTAS COAL COMPANY MINE ^4 NEAR RICHLANDS, VIRGINIA, LEAVING THE ELEVATOR.... - NARA - 556393 tweaked.jpg
FIRST SHIFT OF MINERS AT THE...
File:Asheville at dusk (cropped).jpg
Asheville at dusk (cropped).jpg
File:Knoxville_skyline_from_Tennessee_River.jpg
Knoxville_skyline_from_Tennessee_River.jpg
File:Huntington, West Virginia (2023).jpg
Huntington, West Virginia (2023).jpg
File:Overmountain-men-statue-tn1.jpg
Overmountain-men-statue-tn1.jpg

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