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Americas

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Americas are a huge landmass that covers most of the Western Hemisphere.

Earth-DSCOVR-20150706-IFV
Earth-DSCOVR-20150706-IFV

This area includes all of North America and South America. When viewed as one single continent, it is the second largest in the world by area. It is also the third largest continent based on how many people live there. The Americas and their nearby islands cover 8% of Earth's total surface. They also make up 28.4% of all the land on our planet.

Americas (orthographic projection)
Americas (orthographic projection)

Nature looks very different across this vast space. A long chain of mountains called the American Cordillera runs down the west coast.

Aconcagua (aerial)
Aconcagua (aerial)

The eastern side is much flatter and has large river basins. These include the Amazon, the Mississippi, and the St. Lawrence River–Great Lakes basins. Because the land stretches from the north to the south, the weather changes a lot. You can find cold arctic tundra in places like Greenland or Alaska. In other areas, like Central America, you will find hot tropical rainforests.

Americas Köppen Map
Americas Köppen Map

People have lived in the Americas for a very long time. The first humans arrived from Asia between 20,000 and 16,000 years ago.

Spreading homo sapiens la
Spreading homo sapiens la

Later, other groups like the Na-Dene and the Inuit also moved into the region. Much later, the Norse people established some settlements in Greenland. In 1492, Christopher Columbus began voyages that led to permanent contact with Europe.

Landing of Columbus (2) (cropped)
Landing of Columbus (2) (cropped)

This started a period of exploration and colonization that changed the land forever. This time was very difficult for the indigenous people due to new diseases and enslavement.

Today, the Americas are home to more than one billion people. Most people live in the United States, Brazil, or Mexico. There are eight megacities with 10 million or more people.

Americas (orthographic projection) blank
Americas (orthographic projection) blank

These huge cities include Mexico City, São Paulo, and New York City. Other large cities are Los Angeles, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Bogotá, and Lima. Most people now live in independent countries. However, many share common traits like the Christian religion. They also use West European languages such as Spanish, English, and Portuguese.

Languages of the American Continent
Languages of the American Continent

The name "America" comes from the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

Amerigo Vespucci (with turban)
Amerigo Vespucci (with turban)

The name was first written on a map in 1507 by Martin Waldseemüller.

Waldseemuller map 2
Waldseemuller map 2

Later, Gerardus Mercator used the name for both North and South America in 1538. In many languages, the word for the whole landmass is the plural "the Americas." In English, people often use the single word "America" to talk about the United States. This can sometimes cause confusion when people talk about the whole continent.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Americas (orthographic projection).svg
Americas (orthographic projection).svg
File:Americas (orthographic projection) blank.svg
Americas (orthographic projection) blank.svg
File:Amerigo Vespucci (with turban).jpg
Amerigo Vespucci (with turban).jpg
File:Waldseemuller map 2.jpg
Waldseemuller map 2.jpg
File:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg
CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg
File:Spreading homo sapiens la.svg
Spreading homo sapiens la.svg
File:Palazzo Ferreria statue 4 America.jpeg
Palazzo Ferreria statue 4 America.jpeg
File:Landing of Columbus (2) (cropped).jpg
Landing of Columbus (2) (cropped).jpg
File:Americas independence map.PNG
Americas independence map.PNG
File:Earth-DSCOVR-20150706-IFV.jpg
Earth-DSCOVR-20150706-IFV.jpg
File:Aconcagua (aerial).jpg
Aconcagua (aerial).jpg
File:Americas Köppen Map.png
Americas Köppen Map.png

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