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Americas

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Americas represent a massive landmass in the Western Hemisphere.

Earth-DSCOVR-20150706-IFV
Earth-DSCOVR-20150706-IFV

This region encompasses the entirety of North America and South America. When viewed as a single continent, it is the second largest by area. It follows only Asia in size. It is also the third largest continent by population.

Americas (orthographic projection)
Americas (orthographic projection)

The Americas and their associated islands cover 8% of Earth's total surface. This landmass accounts for 28.4% of all land on Earth.

The physical landscape of the Americas is highly varied. A major feature is the American Cordillera. This is a long chain of mountains running along the west coast.

Aconcagua (aerial)
Aconcagua (aerial)

In contrast, the eastern side is much flatter. This area is dominated by several large river basins. These include the Amazon, Mississippi, and La Plata basins. The St. Lawrence River–Great Lakes basin is also a major feature. Because the land stretches from the north to the south, climates vary widely.

Americas Köppen Map
Americas Köppen Map

You can find arctic tundra in Alaska and Greenland. You can also find tropical rainforests in Central and South America.

Human history in the Americas began with early migrations. Humans first settled the land from Asia between 20,000 and 16,000 years ago.

Spreading homo sapiens la
Spreading homo sapiens la

A second migration of Na-Dene speakers followed from Asia later. The Inuit also migrated into the neoarctic region. These movements completed the settlement by the Indigenous peoples. Later, the Norse established settlements in Greenland and perhaps the mainland. However, these Norse colonies were eventually abandoned.

In 1492, Christopher Columbus began voyages that changed the region forever.

Landing of Columbus (2) (cropped)
Landing of Columbus (2) (cropped)

These voyages created permanent contact between the Americas and the Old World. This led to the Columbian exchange. It also started a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization. This era had devastating consequences for Indigenous populations. Many were enslaved by Spanish forces. New diseases from Europe and West Africa also caused massive deaths. Over time, mass emigration from Europe and the importation of African slaves replaced many Indigenous peoples.

The process of decolonization eventually changed the political map. This began with the American Revolution in the 1770s. It largely concluded with the Spanish–American War in the late 1890s.

Americas independence map
Americas independence map

Today, almost all residents live in independent countries. However, colonization left a lasting cultural legacy. Many nations share the Christian religion. They also use West European languages. These include Spanish, English, Portuguese, and French. Dutch is also spoken in some areas.

Languages of the American Continent
Languages of the American Continent

The Americas are home to more than one billion inhabitants. Two-thirds of these people live in the United States, Brazil, or Mexico. The region contains eight megacities. A megacity is a metropolitan area with at least 10 million people.

Americas (orthographic projection) blank
Americas (orthographic projection) blank

Greater Mexico City and São Paulo each have 21.2 million people. New York City has 19.7 million residents. Los Angeles has 18.8 million. Buenos Aires has 15.6 million. Rio de Janeiro has 13.0 million. Bogotá has 10.4 million. Finally, Lima has 10.1 million inhabitants.

The name "America" has a specific history. It is named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

Amerigo Vespucci (with turban)
Amerigo Vespucci (with turban)

The name was first recorded in 1507. It appeared on a map by Martin Waldseemüller.

Waldseemuller map 2
Waldseemuller map 2

Later, Gerardus Mercator applied the name to both North and South America in 1538. The name is a feminine form of the Latin version of Vespucci's name. This matched the feminine names of other continents like Asia and Africa. Today, English speakers often use "the Americas" to describe both continents. However, the word "America" often refers specifically to the United States in English contexts.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Americas (orthographic projection).svg
Americas (orthographic projection).svg
File:Americas (orthographic projection) blank.svg
Americas (orthographic projection) blank.svg
File:Amerigo Vespucci (with turban).jpg
Amerigo Vespucci (with turban).jpg
File:Waldseemuller map 2.jpg
Waldseemuller map 2.jpg
File:CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg
CPN WEST COURT 01.jpg
File:Spreading homo sapiens la.svg
Spreading homo sapiens la.svg
File:Palazzo Ferreria statue 4 America.jpeg
Palazzo Ferreria statue 4 America.jpeg
File:Landing of Columbus (2) (cropped).jpg
Landing of Columbus (2) (cropped).jpg
File:Americas independence map.PNG
Americas independence map.PNG
File:Earth-DSCOVR-20150706-IFV.jpg
Earth-DSCOVR-20150706-IFV.jpg
File:Aconcagua (aerial).jpg
Aconcagua (aerial).jpg
File:Americas Köppen Map.png
Americas Köppen Map.png

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