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American Mafia

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The American Mafia is a highly organized criminal society based in North America. It is often called the Italian-American Mafia, the Mob, or Cosa Nostra. The term Cosa Nostra is used by its members, while the American government uses the term La Cosa Nostra (LCN). The name comes from the original Sicilian Mafia.

Mafia family structure tree.en
Mafia family structure tree.en

In Sicily, the word "mafia" is an adjective. It comes from "mafiusu," which can mean swagger, boldness, or bravado. When describing a man, it can mean being fearless or enterprising. When describing a woman, "mafiusa" can mean beautiful or attractive.

The organization is built upon a specific structure of units called "families." Despite the name, these are not groups related by blood. Instead, each family is a distinct criminal organization that operates within its own specific territory. To manage these different groups, a body known as the Commission provides nationwide coordination. The Commission consists of the bosses from the most powerful families.

CommissionChart1963
CommissionChart1963

This structure allows individual families to act independently while still maintaining a level of order across the country.

In New York City, the organization is divided into five main families. These are known as the Five Families: the Gambino, Lucchese, Genovese, Bonanno, and Colombo families.

Carlo Gambino
Carlo Gambino

While these families are central, the Mafia has historically been active in many other metropolitan areas. At its peak, at least 26 cities in the United States had Cosa Nostra families. Today, the group is most active in the Northeastern United States. This includes major cities like New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Jersey, and Pittsburgh.

Map of mafia in the us
Map of mafia in the us

The history of the American Mafia began with waves of Italian immigration. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many people moved from Sicily and Southern Italy to the United States. They often settled in impoverished neighborhoods in New York, such as East Harlem, the Lower East Side, and Brooklyn.

Paul Kelly-2
Paul Kelly-2

Early criminal groups emerged in these areas. Some were small neighborhood operations, while others were larger gangs. Over time, different groups like the Neapolitan Camorra and Sicilian Mafiosi merged. This created the modern, pan-Italian Mafia seen in North America today.

One of the earliest recorded instances involved Sicilian gangs in New Orleans in the late 1860s. These gangs were named after their home cities: Palermo, Trapani, and Messina. Another early figure was Giuseppe Esposito, the first known Mafia member to immigrate to the U.S. In New York, Paul Kelly founded the Five Points Gang in the 1890s. This gang was very powerful in the Little Italy section of the Lower East Side. Kelly recruited several men who became famous crime bosses, including Al Capone and Lucky Luciano.

Charles Lucky Luciano (Excelsior Hotel, Rome)
Charles Lucky Luciano (Excelsior Hotel, Rome)

A major turning point for the Mafia was the era of Prohibition. In 1919, the 18th Amendment made it illegal to manufacture or sell alcohol. This created a massive demand for illegal liquor. Criminals found they could make huge fortunes by shipping alcohol from Canada, the Caribbean, or the Midwest.

AlCaponemugshotCPD
AlCaponemugshotCPD

The profits from bootlegging were much higher than older crimes like gambling or extortion. This period forced gangs to organize more strictly. They needed lawyers, truckers, and bosses to manage the large-scale movement of goods. It also led to violent wars between different ethnic gangs for control of these lucrative markets.

Today, the Mafia continues to operate alongside other organized crime groups. It maintains connections with Italian groups like the Sicilian Mafia, the Camorra, and the 'Ndrangheta. While many other crime groups have increased in number, the Mafia remains a dominant force in organized crime. It has a significant presence in the Midwest, including Chicago, Detroit, and Kansas City. It is also active in places like Florida, Las Vegas, and Los Angeles.

John Gotti
John Gotti

The organization continues to evolve, even as its influence shifts across different regions and cities.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Paul Kelly-2.jpg
Paul Kelly-2.jpg
File:AlCaponemugshotCPD.jpg
AlCaponemugshotCPD.jpg
File:CommissionChart1963.jpg
CommissionChart1963.jpg
File:Charles Lucky Luciano (Excelsior Hotel, Rome).jpg
Charles Lucky Luciano (Excelsior Hotel, Rome).jpg
File:Carlo_Gambino.jpg
Carlo_Gambino.jpg
File:Sammy Gravano (arrest photo - 1990).jpg
Sammy Gravano (arrest photo - 1990).jpg
File:John Gotti.jpg
John Gotti.jpg
File:Mafia family structure tree.en.svg
Mafia family structure tree.en.svg
File:Meyer Lansky NYWTS 3.jpg
Meyer Lansky NYWTS 3.jpg
File:Map of mafia in the us.png
Map of mafia in the us.png
File:Vito Genovese NYWTS.jpg
Vito Genovese NYWTS.jpg
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