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Amaterasu

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Amaterasu is the sun goddess in Japanese mythology.

Installation of the Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) c1870 after Kawanabe Kyosai
Installation of the Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) c1870 after Kawanabe Kyosai

She is considered the chief deity, or kami, of the Shinto pantheon. Many texts describe her as the ruler of the heavenly realm known as Takamagahara. She is also the mythical ancestress of the Imperial House of Japan. This connection is established through her grandson, Ninigi.

Ninigi
Ninigi

Her primary place of worship is the Grand Shrine of Ise in Mie Prefecture. This site is one of the holiest locations in Shinto. It serves as a major center for pilgrims and tourists. Many other Shinto shrines throughout Japan also enshrine her.

Amaterasu is one of the Three Precious Children.

The Origin of Iwato Kagura Triptych (Amaterasu) by Utagawa Kunisada c1844
The Origin of Iwato Kagura Triptych (Amaterasu) by Utagawa Kunisada c1844

She is a child of the creator god, Izanagi. The Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki provide different accounts of her birth. In one version, she was born when Izanagi washed his left eye. In this same account, Tsukuyomi was born from his right eye. Susanoo, the god of storms, was born when Izanagi washed his nose. Izanagi then assigned them specific realms to rule. Amaterasu rules the heavens, Tsukuyomi rules the night, and Susanoo rules the seas.

Her name has many complex forms and meanings. One common name is Amaterasu Ōmikami. This title is an attributive verb form. It literally means "The Great August Goddess Who Shines in Heaven." This name is more transparent than many other names in ancient texts. Other variants include Ōhirume-no-Muchi and Hi-no-Kami. Some scholars suggest her name comes from a verb meaning to shine. Others have proposed different etymologies for her names. These names reflect her high status and divine nature.

Mythology describes a significant conflict between Amaterasu and Susanoo.

須佐之男命の乱暴 - Susanoo's Rampage
須佐之男命の乱暴 - Susanoo's Rampage

Susanoo was known for his impetuous and troublesome nature. He caused great havoc in Amaterasu's palace. He destroyed her rice fields and caused chaos in her weaving hall. In one account, he threw a flayed horse through her roof. This event caused a weaver to be killed. In response, a furious Amaterasu hid inside the Ame-no-Iwayato cave. Her disappearance plunged the entire world into total darkness.

The gods had to find a way to restore light.

Origin of the Cave Door Dance (Amaterasu) by Shunsai Toshimasa 1889
Origin of the Cave Door Dance (Amaterasu) by Shunsai Toshimasa 1889

The god of wisdom, Omoikane, led the planning of a scheme. The goal was to lure Amaterasu out of the cave. A goddess named Ame-no-Uzume performed a dance to create mirth. Amaterasu became curious about the celebration happening outside. The gods held up a mirror called the Yata-no-Kagami. When she saw her own reflection, she was surprised. The god Ame-no-Tajikarao then pulled her out of the cave. This action successfully restored light to the world.

Amaterasu's influence extends to the development of human life. In one legend, she helped establish agriculture.

三種の神器 1200x1200
三種の神器 1200x1200

After a conflict with Tsukuyomi, Amaterasu sent a god to collect food. This process led to the sowing of grains for humanity. She is also linked to the beginning of sericulture, or silk farming. These stories connect the divine realm to the practical needs of people. They show how the goddess is tied to the survival of civilization.

Finally, Amaterasu is connected to the political history of Japan. Her descendants are said to rule the terrestrial world. The gods declared that the land should be under her progeny's jurisdiction. This includes the pacification of the land known as Ashihara-no-Nakatsukuni. This connection between the sun goddess and the imperial line is a central theme. It links religious belief with the structure of the Japanese state. Her legacy remains visible in modern Shinto practices and imperial traditions.

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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:阿波岐原 - Awagihara.jpg
阿波岐原 - Awagihara.jpg
File:Installation of the Sun Goddess (Amaterasu) c1870 after Kawanabe Kyosai.jpg
Installation of the Sun Goddess...
File:須佐之男命の乱暴 - Susanoo's Rampage.jpg
須佐之男命の乱暴 - Susanoo's Rampage.jpg
File:Origin of Iwato Kagura Dance Amaterasu by Toyokuni III (Kunisada) 1856.png
Origin of Iwato Kagura Dance Amaterasu by...
File:Origin of the Cave Door Dance (Amaterasu) by Shunsai Toshimasa 1889.jpg
Origin of the Cave Door Dance (Amaterasu)...
File:The Origin of Iwato Kagura Triptych (Amaterasu) by Utagawa Kunisada c1844.png
The Origin of Iwato Kagura Triptych...
File:三種の神器 1200x1200.png
三種の神器 1200x1200.png
File:Ninigi.jpg
Ninigi.jpg
File:Tennō Jimmu.jpg
Tennō Jimmu.jpg
File:Hibara-jinja, torii-2.jpg
Hibara-jinja, torii-2.jpg
File:Yamato Takeru by Takahashi Yuichi (Geidai Museum).jpg
Yamato Takeru by Takahashi Yuichi (Geidai...
File:Hirota-jinja, haiden-2-2.jpg
Hirota-jinja, haiden-2-2.jpg

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