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Airbrush makeup

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Airbrush makeup is a specialized method of applying cosmetic products to the skin. Instead of using traditional tools like sponges, brushes, or fingers, an artist uses an airbrush machine. This technique creates a unique "globular" application. The makeup is dispersed as an extremely fine mist through a spray gun. This process creates millions of tiny droplets on the skin. When these droplets connect and layer together, they create a net over the entire face. This resulting layer is very thin and light. It is often barely noticeable to the wearer.

VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011
VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011

The mechanism of an airbrush system relies on specific mechanical parts. A compressor creates airflow that travels through a hose. This hose connects to a trigger-controlled spray painting gun. The artist can adjust the air pressure to change the style of application. They can choose lighter, heavier, or more detailed styles. Most professional artists work within a PSI range of 0 to 35 PSI. PSI stands for pounds per square inch, which measures air pressure. Home systems are usually smaller and operate at lower pressures, often below 15 PSI.

VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011
VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011

Artists use different types of airbrushes to achieve their goals. A dual-action airbrush allows for high levels of control. The user depresses the trigger with an index finger and pulls it backward. This action draws air from the compressor. The further the trigger is pulled, the more makeup is released. This allows the artist to use air as a guide before applying pigment. Air is also used to dry the makeup after application. A single-action airbrush is simpler to operate. It releases a fixed ratio of makeup and air whenever the trigger is pressed. To change coverage levels with a single-action gun, the artist must change the nozzle.

VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011
VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011

There are six distinct formulas used in airbrushing. Water-based formulas consist of finely ground pigments in water. Polymer water-based formulas mix water, pigments, and polymers. The polymer dries to leave a continuous coating on the skin. Polymer SD40 is an alcohol-based version of this formula. Using alcohol helps the makeup dry more quickly on the skin. Alcohol-based formulas, or "temporary airbrush inks," are often used for fake tattoos. Silicone-based formulas offer the longest wear and do not fade easily. These can be thinned with additives for lighter coverage. Some silicone-based fluids are largely waterproof. They can withstand water or sweat during film or fashion photography.

VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011
VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011

The history of this technique is tied closely to Hollywood. Airbrushed makeup was used in movies as early as the 1930s. Monte Westmore is sometimes credited with developing the technique for the film "Gone With the Wind." However, his brother Wally was using it at least five years earlier. Wally used the method in "Pre-Code" films like "Murder at the Vanities." Today, the method is very popular due to high-definition (HD) video and television. Traditional liquid or powder makeup can settle into pores and wrinkles. This makes it visible on HD film. Airbrush makeup avoids this by applying millions of tiny droplets that create a sheer, natural appearance.

VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011
VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011

Application requires specific technical steps and measurements. An artist typically uses 6 to 12 drops of makeup for foundation. They hold the airbrush gun at a distance of 6 to 12 inches from the face. The artist applies the makeup using circular or forward-back motions. They build the look by applying several layers of makeup. This layering allows for subtle changes in color and coverage. For difficult areas like eyeliner, artists often use stencils. Stencils are also used for body art and temporary tattoos. This method is also more sanitary because the artist never touches the skin.

VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011
VFS Summer Intensive Programs 2011

Airbrushing is a versatile tool used across many different fields. It is a preferred option for bridal makeup and special events because it lasts a long time. The makeup can stay in place for 12 to 24 hours. It is used in theater, film, and for sunless tanning. It can even be used to cover "five o'clock shadows" on men. Beyond foundation, it can be used for eyeshadow, blush, eyebrows, and lips. Artists can layer, shade, highlight, and contour using these tools. To remove certain formulas, specific products are needed. For example, silicone-based makeup requires a specific silicone remover. A 50/50 mix of isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl myristate can also be used for removal.

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