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Agness Underwood

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Agness May Underwood was a pioneering American journalist and newspaper editor. She achieved a major milestone in her career as one of the first women in the United States to serve as a city editor for a large metropolitan daily newspaper. A city editor is a high-level manager who oversees the news coverage for a specific city.

Throughout her long career, Underwood worked for several prominent Los Angeles publications. These included the Los Angeles Record, the Herald-Express, and the Herald-Examiner. Her professional journey is a notable example of breaking through gender barriers in the competitive field of journalism.

Underwood's early life was marked by significant instability and hardship. Born in San Francisco in 1902, she was the daughter of Clifford Wilson and Mamie Sullivan Wilson. Following her mother's death during childbirth in 1907, Underwood and her sister were moved between various relatives and foster homes.

She eventually lived in Portland, Indiana, with the Ewry family, where she found a friend and protector in Ralph Ewry. After dropping out of high school in the tenth grade, she worked as a clerk. Her move to San Francisco in 1918 led to homelessness when a relative abandoned her. After a brief, unsuccessful attempt to become a child star in Hollywood, she found stability in Los Angeles, working as a waitress and eventually marrying Harry Underwood in 1920.

Her entry into journalism was almost accidental. In 1926, following a disagreement with her husband over the cost of silk stockings, a friend offered her a temporary position on a switchboard.

This job was at the Los Angeles Record, where she began learning the newspaper industry from the bottom up. She was a dedicated worker and a quick learner. A writer named Gertrude Price, who used the pseudonym Cynthia Grey, became a vital mentor to her. Underwood learned the importance of newsroom discipline early on. After accidentally discussing a news story before it was printed, she vowed never to repeat the mistake.

Underwood steadily climbed the professional ladder, transitioning from a switchboard operator to a skilled reporter. She gained a reputation for finding unique angles on major stories. For example, after the 1931 murders of Charles H. Crawford and Herbert F. Spencer, she secured exclusive interviews and photographs with the parents of the suspect, David H. Clark.

Her investigative skills also led her to interview the famous aviator Amelia Earhart. Underwood was known for her tenacity, often waiting hours to secure a single interview. She also demonstrated a strong sense of justice. When Nellie May Madison was convicted of murder, Underwood became an advocate for her. Her reporting helped generate enough public outcry to change Madison's sentence from death to life in prison.

In the mid-1940s, Underwood reached the peak of her career when she was promoted to city editor of the Herald-Express.

In this role, she managed a staff of intense reporters and photographers. Her leadership style was described as tough and commanding. She was often referred to by the nickname "Aggie." During her tenure, she oversaw coverage of many significant and dark events in Los Angeles. This included the investigation into the death of Elizabeth Short, a case that became widely known as the "Black Dahlia" murder. Underwood was a central figure in the city's news landscape for decades.

Even after her retirement in 1968, Underwood's name remained linked to the history of journalism and crime. In 1981, she was involved in a significant legal matter regarding her professional reputation.

An author and a publisher were sued for $110 million in a defamation lawsuit. The lawsuit concerned claims made in the book "The Last Mafioso," which suggested Underwood had been influenced by the gangster Mickey Cohen to print false stories. Underwood denied these allegations, stating she did not even meet Cohen until several years after the alleged incidents. This legal battle highlighted the lasting impact of her career and the complexities of reporting on organized crime.

Underwood's life connects the history of women in the workforce to the evolution of modern media. She navigated the transition from manual switchboards to the high-pressure environment of a major newsroom. Her ability to move from a clerk and waitress to a powerful editor shows the changing social landscape of the 20th century. She proved that women could not only participate in journalism but also lead the teams that shaped public opinion. Her legacy is defined by her persistence through personal struggle and her command of the news desk.

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