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Yazd

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Yazd is a major city located in the Central District of Yazd County. It serves as the capital for both the county and the Yazd province in Iran. The city is situated in a desert environment. Because of its unique cultural and architectural history, UNESCO recognized the historical city of Yazd as a World Heritage Site in 2017. The name Yazd is thought to mean "pure" or "holy."

Early morning view of Yazd. many wind catchers and domes are visible
Early morning view of Yazd. many wind catchers and domes are visible

As of the 2016 census, the city had a population of 529,673 people living in 158,368 households.

The environment in Yazd is characterized by a hot desert climate. It is recognized as the driest major city in Iran. The annual precipitation is very low, measuring less than 100 mm. There are only about 11.5 days of precipitation each year. During the summer, temperatures often rise above 40°C in the bright sunshine. On 35.3 days per year, the maximum temperature reaches or exceeds 45°C. Even at night, the heat can remain quite uncomfortable. In winter, the days are mild and sunny. However, the thin air and low cloudiness can lead to cold mornings. On 24.3 days per year, the minimum temperature falls below 0°C.

Early morning view of Yazd. many wind catchers and domes are visible
Early morning view of Yazd. many wind catchers and domes are visible

To survive this harsh climate, residents developed advanced Persian architecture. Many buildings are constructed almost entirely out of adobe, which is dried clay. A famous feature is the windcatcher, or badgir. These towers catch breezes to provide cooling for buildings. The city is also nicknamed the "City of Windcatchers" due to these many structures. Another vital system is the qanat. A qanat is an underground channel used to supply water. Yazd possesses one of the largest networks of these systems in the world. Skilled qanat makers live in the region. Additionally, the city used yakhchals. These are specialized coolers used to store ice from nearby mountain glaciers.

The history of the region reaches back to the Achaemenid Empire, which lasted from 550 BC to 330 BC. Archaeological evidence found 12 kilometers north of the city supports this. Some scholars believe the name Yazd comes from an ancient town called Issatis. During the Sasanian Empire, the city grew in importance. A mint was established there to produce coins. The 1441 chronicle "Tarikh-i Yazd" suggests the city was re-founded by Yazdegerd II. After the Muslim conquest, many Zoroastrians moved to Yazd from other provinces. The city was often spared from the destruction of war because of its secluded desert location. For example, it provided a haven for people fleeing the Mongol invasion.

Tower of Silence, Yazd 11
Tower of Silence, Yazd 11

Religion plays a significant role in the life of the city. While most residents are Shia Muslims, there is a notable Zoroastrian community. This community includes about 1,000 people. One important site is an ateshkadeh, or fire temple. This temple holds a fire that has burned continuously since 470 AD.

آتشکده یزد 2
آتشکده یزد 2

The Tower of Silence is another important Zoroastrian landmark located on the outskirts. In 2013, Sepanta Niknam became the first Zoroastrian elected to a city council in Iran. The city also features the Jame Mosque, which has the highest minarets in the country. The 11th-century Davāzdah Imām is the oldest dated building in the city.

Economically, Yazd is a diverse and technologically advanced center. It is a major hub for the textile industry, specifically for silk and carpets. The city also produces ceramics, construction materials, and jewelry. In the modern era, it has become a leader in information technology. Yazd is home to the largest manufacturer of fiber optics in Iran. The city is also famous for its traditional confectioneries. Expert confectioners, known as khalifehs, keep their recipes secret. They produce popular sweets such as baklava, ghotab, and pashmak.

Yazd University
Yazd University

Many of these sweet shops have remained private family businesses for many generations.

Transportation and education support the growing city. Yazd is connected to other major Iranian cities via the national railway. It is also served by the Shahid Sadooghi Airport. For higher education, the University of Yazd was established in 1988. This university includes a college of architecture that focuses on traditional Persian art. The city's culture is also known for being family-centered. Statistics show that Yazd has among the three lowest divorce rates in Iran. Finally, the city is nicknamed the "City of Bicycles." This is because it has the highest number of bicycles per capita in the country. This culture began in the nineteenth century after contact with European visitors.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Early morning view of Yazd. many wind catchers and domes are visible.jpg
Early morning view of Yazd. many wind...
File:Tower of Silence, Yazd 11.jpg
Tower of Silence, Yazd 11.jpg
File:آتشکده یزد 2.jpg
آتشکده یزد 2.jpg
File:Mohammad Khatami - December 11, 2007.jpg
Mohammad Khatami - December 11, 2007.jpg
File:Yazd University.jpg
Yazd University.jpg
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