Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Yangtze

geography Maturity 7-9 Vital Level 3 Next article →

The Yangtze River is a massive and vital waterway in China. It is the longest river in the country. It is also the third-longest river in the entire world.

Yangtze River (Chinese characters)
Yangtze River (Chinese characters)

The river's drainage basin covers one-fifth of China's total land area. This massive region is home to nearly one-third of the country's population. Because it supports so many people, it is a central part of China's geography. The river flows in a generally easterly direction toward the East China Sea. It eventually reaches the sea at the city of Shanghai.

The river's journey begins high in the mountains of the Tibetan Plateau. There are two main areas considered the source. One is the Tuotuo tributary near Geladandong Mountain. This is the highest source at 5,342 meters above sea level. However, the true hydrological source is at Jari Hill.

1 changjiang yangtze aerial pano first turn shigu 2018
1 changjiang yangtze aerial pano first turn shigu 2018

This source is part of the Dam Qu tributary. It is located in the Tanggula Mountains. The river flows through deep valleys in western Yunnan. In these first 2,600 kilometers, the river drops more than 5,200 meters. This steep descent shows how much energy the water carries.

As the Yangtze moves east, it passes through several distinct stages. The upstream section runs from Yibin to Yichang. The middle section goes from Yichang to Hukou County. This is where Lake Poyang meets the river. Finally, the downstream section runs from Hukou to Shanghai.

Jinshajiang River Ravine - 32229429768
Jinshajiang River Ravine - 32229429768

The river receives water from many large lakes. Lake Poyang is the largest freshwater lake in China. The river also receives water from Dongting Lake. At Wuhan, the Han River joins the Yangtze as its largest tributary.

The river's name has changed many times throughout history. In Chinese, it is called Chang Jiang, which means "Long River."

Yangtze River (Chinese characters)
Yangtze River (Chinese characters)

Different parts of the river have their own local names. The section from Yibin upstream to the Batang River is the Jinsha River. The section from Yushu to the Dam Qu confluence is the Tongtian River. The English name "Yangtze" comes from a local name for the Lower Yangtze. This name was used in the region of Yangzhou.

Cruise boats on yangtze
Cruise boats on yangtze

Early European explorers used different names like "Kiang" or even "Blue River."

Human history is deeply connected to the Yangtze. People have lived in the Three Gorges area for 27,000 years.

Qutang Gorge on Changjiang
Qutang Gorge on Changjiang

By the 5th millennium BC, cultures like the Hemudu lived in the lower Yangtze. These people were among the earliest to cultivate rice. The river has been used for irrigation, sanitation, and transportation for thousands of years. It has also been used for industry and even war. Today, the Yangtze Delta is an economic powerhouse. It generates as much as 20% of China's GDP.

The river provides incredible amounts of energy and transport. The Three Gorges Dam is a major part of this.

ThreeGorgesDam-China2009
ThreeGorgesDam-China2009

It is the largest hydro-electric power station in the world. Large ships also use the river to move goods.

A container carrier on yangtze
A container carrier on yangtze

You can see massive vessels carrying containers through the water. The Chinese government is also building a multi-tier transport network. This includes new railways, roads, and airports along the river belt.

The Yangtze is home to many unique ecosystems and species. Some animals, like the Chinese alligator, are found only here.

ChineseAlligator15
ChineseAlligator15

The narrow-ridged finless porpoise also lives in these waters. However, some species have faced great hardship. The Yangtze river dolphin and the Chinese paddlefish are now extinct.

2009 Andrias davidianus
2009 Andrias davidianus

The Yangtze sturgeon is also extinct in the wild.

Acipenser sinensis
Acipenser sinensis

The river faces challenges from industrial pollution and plastic. It also deals with agricultural runoff and siltation. To help, some sections are now protected as nature reserves.

608 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (44)
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
File:Yangtze River (Chinese characters).svg
Yangtze River (Chinese characters).svg
File:Openstreetmap logo.svg
Openstreetmap logo.svg
File:Anonymous-Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River.jpg
Anonymous-Ten Thousand Miles of the...
File:1 changjiang yangtze aerial pano first turn shigu 2018.jpg
1 changjiang yangtze aerial pano first...
File:Yangsigang Bridge1.JPG
Yangsigang Bridge1.JPG
File:Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge1.jpg
Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge1.jpg
File:Jinshajiang River Ravine - 32229429768.jpg
Jinshajiang River Ravine - 32229429768.jpg
File:Qutang Gorge on Changjiang.jpg
Qutang Gorge on Changjiang.jpg
File:Rolling Stock of Wuhan Metro Line 2 2018-02-13 (1).jpg
Rolling Stock of Wuhan Metro Line 2...
File:2009 Andrias davidianus.JPG
2009 Andrias davidianus.JPG
File:JiuJiang Bridge, Jiangxi.jpg
JiuJiang Bridge, Jiangxi.jpg

+ 32 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.